EM POD 2

Question 1

Exams for neuro?

Answer 1

vital signs
full neuro exam
check eyes and neck
ENT exam
check for rashes
CT scans
lumbar puncture
CBC, chemistries

Question 2

secondary headache examples?

Answer 2

subarachnoid hemorrhage
acute meningitis
temporal arteritis
hypertension
glaucoma
toxins
space occupying lesions

Question 3

headache warning signs

Answer 3

new, different or worse headaches
any alteration in LOC
unexplained neuro signs
non supple neck
other signs like fever
high risk patients

Question 4

prodrome, aura vasoconstriction, ha, post drome

with or without an aura

hemiplegic migraine

ophthalmoplegic migraine: transient paralysis of third nerve muscles

status migrainous

Answer 4

migraine headaches

Question 5

name this seizure type?

stiffening and rhythmic jerking trunk/extremities

Answer 5

tonic-clonic seizures

Question 6

name this seizure type?

stiffening only

Answer 6

tonic

Question 7

name this seizure?

rhythmic jerking

Answer 7

clonic

Question 8

name this seizure?

sudden brisk muscle jerks unilaterally/bilateral-arms

Answer 8

myoclonic

Question 9

name this seizure?

sudden muscle control loss especially legs, causing a fall

Answer 9

atonic

Question 10

name this seizure?

sudden staring, decrease LOC

Answer 10

absence

Question 11

state in which seizures are so frequent or repeated lasting at least 30 minutes and no time in bwt for recovery

neuro emergency-cell death from increased metabolic demands and neuro exhaustion

Answer 11

status epilepticus

Question 12

main causes of seizures?

Answer 12

fever 
infections
low anticonvulsant levels
trauma
increased activity in seizure disorder

Question 13

NIH: 3 mo-5 yr 
no defined cause
generalized, tonic clonic
last 15 minutes, usually less than 5 min
no focal deficit, todds paralysis
short post ictal, then normal
no neuro sequalae
30-40% have recurrence

Answer 13

benign febrile seizures

Question 14

what is this seizure?

brief, last 5-10 seconds
more common in school age, females 6-8 yrs old
staring, eyelid fluttering, black stare
no post ictal phase
typical EEG pattern, treatable

Answer 14

absence seizures

Question 15

three most common causes for allergy and anaphylaxis?

Answer 15

IV PCN, Hymenoptera stings, food related, also eggs

Question 16

what is an anaphylactoid reaction?

Answer 16

not IgE mediated, mast cells, but similar

Question 17

cat bites d/t?

human bites d/t?

Answer 17

pasturella multicoda

Eikenella corrodens

Question 18

prolonged exposure to wet and cold above freezing, mimics frost bite, liquefaction gangrene more common with this than frostbite

Answer 18

trench foot

Question 19

heat lost to environment from non insulated body areas

Answer 19

radiation

Question 20

heat transfer d/t direct contact?

Answer 20

conduction

Question 21

heat transfer d/t movement of heated material

Answer 21

convection

Question 22

heat transfer due to loss of water from body?

Answer 22

evaporation

Question 23

name this heat illness?

painful contraction of larger muscle groups during or right after strenuous activity in heat

no mental changes

tx is IV or oral fluids and electrolyte replacement

Answer 23

heat cramps

Question 24

name this heat illness?

volume depletion in face of heat stress resulting in hyperpyrexia, N/V, light headedness, dehydration, no AMS

tx is IV fluid replacement, checking electrolytes, anti nausea medicine

Answer 24

heat exhaustion

Question 25

name this type of heat illness? body temp > 41 degrees C or 106 F. body loses thermoregulation and can't overcome heat stress body temp rises with multi system organ failure try to lower core temp d/t high mortality rate

Answer 25

heat stroke

Question 26

name this burn: superficial layers of skin, see erythema and pain

Answer 26

first degree

Question 27

name this burn: partial thickness, deeper layers of dermis, bullae formation and pain

Answer 27

second degree

Question 28

name this burn: insensate, charred tissue affecting all dermal layers

Answer 28

third degree