eM2 Data

Question 1

What must be linked to the hypothesis?

Answer 1

Study design, sample population, patient outcome and statistical tests must be linked to the hypothesis.

Question 2

What is the statistical decision tree?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the statistical tests to test for differences?

Answer 3

Chi squared test

ANOVA

T-tests

Kruskal-Wallis

Wilcoxon

Mann-Whitney U-test

Question 4

What statistical test tests for similarities?

Answer 4

Chi squared test

Pearson

Spearman Rank

Question 5

What are the types of data?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is quantitative data?

Answer 6

Quantitative data is numerical information about quantities; It can be subdivided into:

Measured- have continuous dimensions such as height, temperature, blood pressure etc

Counted but not continuous such as the number of children in a family or the number of patients in a clinic

Question 7

What is categorical data?

Answer 7

Categorical data is in-between quantitative and qualitative data because the ordinal aspects can be easily converted into numerical data. For example a scale on happiness can be given in numbers instead of words. Whereas nominal categorical data is more like qualitative data but the data consists of individual terms rather than sentences in qualitative data.

Question 8

What is qualitative data?

Answer 8

Qualitative data is information about qualities; that is information that can’t actually be measured. Qualitative data deals with descriptive information such as free-text comments to a open-ended question or responses to an interview

Question 9

What is the difference between discrete and continuous?

Answer 9

Discrete (counted)- cannot be made more precise, distinct numbers like number of children

Continuous (measured)- can be more and more divided/ finer, a scale like height

There is also an overlap between discrete and continuous data. For example, age is a discrete variable if going by the number of years and continuous if looking for the exact age in months, days, hours minutes or seconds.

Question 10

What is the difference between nominal and ordinal?

Answer 10

Nominal- unordered, individual named categories with no natural rank (includes yes or no)

Ordinal- ordered, categories with rank assigned to them but are 1 word

Question 11

Briefly describe mean and standard deviation

Answer 11

The mean is an average of the data and the standard deviation describes the width