Embalming

Question 1

What is a resinous substance such as a natural exudation from plants?

Balm
Deodorant
Ethyl Cyanoacrylate
Humectant

Answer 1

Balm

Question 2

The OSHA Formaldehyde Rule requires employers to do all but the following:

Keep accurate records
Medical Surveillance
Provide personal protective equipment
Shield employees from all formaldehyde exposure

Answer 2

Shield employees from all formaldehyde exposure

Question 3

The treatment of all bodies and fluids as if they are extremely hazardous or potentially infectious is called:

Universal Convictions
Universal Precautions
Universal Studios
None of the above

Answer 3

Universal Precautions

Question 4

What is the permissable time-weighted average that, when exceeded, requires action to reduce employee exposure?

PEL of 0.5
PEL of 0.75
STEL of 0.75
STEL of 2.0

Answer 4

PEL of 0.75

Question 5

Moribund is synonymous with which of the following terms?

Agonal
Postmortem
Somatic
Thanatology

Answer 5

Agonal

Question 6

In relation to the eye, which of the following is not a sign of death?

Clouding of the cornea
Constriction of the pupils
Flattening of the eyeball
Loss of luster in the conjucntiva

Answer 6

Constriction of the pupils

Question 7

Agonal algor and agonal fever:

Are ante-mortem physical changes
Are post-mortem changes in temperature
Are synonymous terms
Have direct correlation to capillary expansion

Answer 7

Are ante-mortem physical changes

Question 8

Which of the following devices are not considered “historical”?

Air pressure machine
Bulb syringe
Centrifugal pump
Gravity injector

Answer 8

Centrifugal pump

Question 9

Sealing agents:

Contain acitve antibacterial ingredients and are effective at killing bacteria and microbes, and deactivating viruses
Include, but are not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, mold preventative and pack application agents
May be in the form of powders, sprays, or paint-on liquids or gels
May be used as a supplemental co-injection

Answer 9

May be in the form of powders, sprays, or paint-on liquids or gels

Question 10

Pre-injection preparation should include all but the following:
Bathe, shampoo, shave, clean and trim nails, and trim hair
Disinfect deceased and pack orifices as needed
Select and use hypodermic embalming chemicals as needed
Set features using appropriate equipment

Answer 10

Select and use hypodermic embalming chemicals as needed

Question 11

The use of personal protective equipment:

Is optional, based on the professional judgment of the operator
Is the responsibility of the employee
May include disposable protective clothing
All of the above
None of the above

Answer 11

May include disposable protective clothing

Question 12

Which of the following is not true about hair care during the preparation of the deceased?

Cool water is an effective solvent to remove blood from the hair
Braids should be combed out prior to shampooing
Hair rinses are largely ineffective on deceased individuals
Kneading rather than combing curly hair helps maintain its curl

Answer 12

Hair rinses are largely ineffective on deceased individuals

Question 13

Subcutaneous hypodermic injections of phenol or undiluted cavity chemical to treat visible discolorations:

Must be done after arterial injection in order to be effective
Must be done prior to arterial injection in order to be effective
Topical bleaching compresses are largely ineffective in treating visisble discolorations
None of the above

Answer 13

None of the above

Question 14

When raising vessels:

Always raise the deepest vessel first
Always use an arterial tube that is slightly smaller than the lumen of the vessel
Try not to make incisions where vessels are superficial so as to avoid damage
Use linear guides when performing blunt dissection

Answer 14

Always use an arterial tube that is slightly smaller than the lumen of the vessel

Question 15

Which of the following instruments is not typically useful when raising vessels?

Aneurysm hook
Bone separator
Needle injector
Straight forceps

Answer 15

Needle injector

Question 16

Which of the following is not an upper extremity vessel?

Axillary
Brachial
Brachiocephalic
Radial

Answer 16

Brachiocephalic

Question 17

The iliac artery:

Is a branch of the Popliteal artery
Is a continuation of the Femoral artery
Is superior to the Femoral artery
None of the above

Answer 17

Is superior to the Femoral artery

Question 18

Of the following arteries, which is the largest in infants?

Brachial
Carotid
Femoral
Tibial

Answer 18

Carotid

Question 19

Which of the following is not a recommended work practice or engineering control to help avoid embalmer exposure to formaldehyde and bloodborne pathogens?

Continuously aspirate and clamp leaking vessels on all autopsied cases
Keep the stopcock and rate of flow valve closed when not in use
Reduce drainage and/or use a closed drainage method
Use high water pressure to quickly flush away blood and embalming fluids

Answer 19

Use high water pressure to quickly flush away blood and embalming fluids

Question 20

The one-point injection protocol for the Right Common Carotid artery includes all but the following:

Finish the embalming by injecting the left side of the face
Inject the trunk of the body
Insert an arterial tube into the Right Common carotid directed downward toward the trunk of the body
Insert an arterial tube into the Right Common Carotid directed toward the right side of the face

Answer 20

Finish the embalming by injecting the left side of the face

Question 21

Multi-point injection sites for arterial embalming:

Are always used in cases of autopsy and organ and tissue donation cases
Are typically reserved for cases lacking distribution or diffusion to one or more areas
May also be accompanied by hypodermic or sectional embalming
All of the above

Answer 21

All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding damaged veins is false?

Absorbent cotton is often an effective means of cleaning the blood around a leaking vessel
After embalming pass ligature around teh distal portion of the vein to prevent further leakage
If it can be determined where blood is seeping from the vein, use serrated locking hemostats to clamp off the area
IIf the vein breaks while a drainage device is in place; secure the vessel with locking hemostats; gently remove the device; reopen the vein using the appropriate technique; reinsert the drainage device; and complete arterial injection

Answer 22

IIf the vein breaks while a drainage device is in place; secure the vessel with locking hemostats; gently remove the device; reopen the vein using the appropriate technique; reinsert the drainage device; and complete arterial injection

Question 23

Which of the following does not result in little or no drainage?

Accidental death with trauma to the internal organs
Bloodstream infections or anemic conditions
Traumatic death resulting in large loss of blood outside the body
All of the above contribute to little or no drainage

Answer 23

All of the above contribute to little or no drainage

Question 24

Which of the following does not call for increased preservative demand?

Burns
Generalized edema
Subcutaneous emphysema
Uremic poisoning

Answer 24

Subcutaneous emphysema

Question 25

When dealing with lacerations and fractures, which of the following is not true? Align broken skin with a bridge suture or adhesives prior to embalming Align fractures after embalming Lacerations should be cleaned and disinfected before embalming Use cauterizing agents to dry and help preserve lacerated skin

Answer 25

Align fractures after embalming

Question 26

Eye enucleation is: A condition that results from excessive pre-embalming manipulation of the eye lid A specialized treatment for gangrenous eyes A surgical term meaning eye removal Prevented by placing eyecaps under the eye lids

Answer 26

A surgical term meaning eye removal

Question 27

Which of the following is not recommended when securing the mandible of an adult? Dental tie Mandibular suture Needle injector Only gluing the lips

Answer 27

Only gluing the lips

Question 28

Which of the following statements is false about shaving? Use a good sharp blade Use small short strokes Warm water has little advanatage for shaving the deceased When in doubt, leave facial hair until talking to the family

Answer 28

Warm water has little advanatage for shaving the deceased

Question 29

What type of suture is considered to be the most secure and commonly used? Baseball Basket weave Double intradermal Whip

Answer 29

Baseball

Question 30

Which suture is useful for gathering in and turning under excess tissue? Purse string Roll Single intradermal Worm

Answer 30

Worm

Question 31

Which suture is most generally used as a framework for the attachment of wax? Basket weave Bridge Continuous None of the above

Answer 31

Basket weave

Question 32

What type of suture is most useful for closing puncture wounds or colostomy openings? Baseball Purse string Roll Worm

Answer 32

Purse string

Question 33

Which of the following statements is not true? Circle needles are most often used for restorative work Close all incisions prior to cavity aspiration to prevent leakage Dental floss makes an excellent suture material for restorative treatments Make several sutures (forming a pocket) before applying incision seal powder

Answer 33

Close all incisions prior to cavity aspiration to prevent leakage

Question 34

Which of the following is not a characterisitic of formaldehyde? Acts as a deodorizer of body amines High penetrating ability Produces rapid tissue fixation Tends to dehydrate tissue

Answer 34

High penetrating ability

Question 35

Which preservative chemical is a colorless crystalline when solid and when in a solution it often takes on an amber or reddish-brown appearance? Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde Methanol Phenol

Answer 35

Phenol

Question 36

Chemicals which reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures are: Anticoagulants Buffers Humectants Surfactants

Answer 36

Surfactants

Question 37

A solution containing low formaldehyde content, reducing agnets, bleaching agents and dyes would most likely be used on which type of embalming? Edematous Jaundice Refrigerated Trauma

Answer 37

Jaundice

Question 38

Which of the following would be the least effective surface agent? Bleaches Cauterizing chemicals Hardening compounds Phenols

Answer 38

Hardening compounds

Question 39

What are fluids that are primarily used to supplement and/or enhance the action of vascular solutions? Co-injection fluids Complementary fluids Pre-injection fluids Restorative fluids

Answer 39

Co-injection fluids

Question 40

How much 18 index fluid is needed to make three gallons of dilute solution having an index of 2.0? 14.2 ounces 36.3 ounces 42.7 ounces 108 ounces

Answer 40

42.7 ounces

Question 41

You start the embalming by mixing 2 gallons of a mild 1.0 solution. After injecting one-half gallon you want to add 32 ounces of a 25 index fluid and enough water to make 3 gallons of solution. What is the new dilute index? 1. 9 2. 0 2. 1 2. 6

Answer 41

2.6

Question 42

What is the pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration? Differential pressure Extravascular pressure Intravascular pressure Potential pressure

Answer 42

Intravascular pressure

Question 43

Which of the following statements is false regarding distribution and diffusion? 1. Firming of the tissues, though not fool proof, is an indicator of fluid distribution and diffusion. 2. Loss of skin elasticity is the most reliable sign of arterial distribution. 3. The clearing of intravascular discoloration is an indiction of fluid distribution? 4. Vessel distention is not a reliable indicator of distribution as blood gravitaton and gas can also cause distention. 1 2 2 and 4 4

Answer 43

2

Question 44

Which of the following is not an effective surface treatment for viewable areas? Arterial solution on cotton placed over a facial abrasion Cotton saturated with cavity chemical inserted into the nostrils Eye caps dipped in preservative gel under the eyelids Restorative saturated cotton strips over the teeth

Answer 44

Arterial solution on cotton placed over a facial abrasion

Question 45

Purge that is frothy-white with no odor is most likely from where? The brain The Heart The lung The stomach

Answer 45

The lung

Question 46

Which of the following is not an advantage to cavity treatment immediately after vascular injection? 1. Allows maximum time for the arterial fluid to penetrate into the tissue spaces. 2. Helps to reduce distention of the face and neck that may occur during arterial injection. 3. Prevents blood discolorations by removing it from the heart, liver and large veins. 4. Removes microbes as soon as possible. 1 2 1 and 4 2 and 3

Answer 46

1

Question 47

What materials would the embalmer expect to find when aspirating the buccal cavity? Brain purge Indole Skatole Stomach purge

Answer 47

Stomach purge

Question 48

When directing the trocar point along a line from the left anterior superior iliac spine to the lobe of the right ear you are aiming for which organ to aspirate? Bladder Cecum Heart Stomach

Answer 48

Heart

Question 49

Which of the following is not a general consideration when embalming the autopsied case? Continuous drainage is often recommended Hemolysis often mimics solution dyes Presence of rigor often impedes distribution Refrigeration can make tissues feel firm and dehydrated

Answer 49

Continuous drainage is often recommended

Question 50

Which of the following statements is false regarding organ and tissue donation? 1. According to the Unifrom Antomical Care Act, the family is obligated to conform to the documented wishes of the deceased. 2. Organ donation can only be done when a donor has been declared brain dead. 3. Organ donors can also be tissue donors. 4. Tissue donation can occur even after the heart has ceased beating. 1 2 3 2 and 4

Answer 50

1

Question 51

Which of the following is not a consderation when embalming/repairing a cranial autopsy? 1. Dry the margins of the cranial incision with a cauterizing agent. 2. Fill the line of bone incision/temple muscles. 3. Place massage cream on the forehead prior to embalming to prevent dehydration. 4. Suture from left to right using sealing powder to prevent leakage. 1, 2 and 4 2, 3, and 4 3 and 4 4

Answer 51

4

Question 52

Which of the following arteries would least likely be used when embalming an infant? Abdominal aorta Ascending aorta Common carotid Femoral

Answer 52

Femoral

Question 53

Which of the following would be effective in positioning a person with a severe arthritic condition? Use of firm pressure and manipulation Use of positioning blocks Use of tie downs to keep the body stationary All of the above would be effective

Answer 53

All of the above would be effective

Question 54

Typically, the shipping funeral home performs all but which of the following? Burial arrangements Embalming Removal Transfer arrangements

Answer 54

Burial arrangements

Question 55

In cases of delayed viewing, what should be done to avoid post-embalming changes? Delay cosmetic application Tissue build finger tips to prevent dehydration Place a heavy coat of massage cream on the face, neck and hands All of the above

Answer 55

All of the above

Question 56

A discoloration which appears on the human body during life: 1. Is always referred to as antemortem discoloration. 2. Is reclassified as postmortem if it remains after death. 3. Should always be left alone during the embalming process because it is a normal part of the individual's features. 4. Should always be treated with a bleaching agent. 1 2 1 and 3 2 and 4

Answer 56

1

Question 57

Jaundice is synonymous with: Addison's Disease Hyperbilirubinemia Icterus Both B and C

Answer 57

Both B and C

Question 58

Which of the following statements is false regarding surface discolorations? 1. Adhesive tape residue can be removed with ether, alcohol or dry wash. 2. Discolorations are important to remove prior to embalming as it may conceal signs of fluid distribution and diffusion. 3. It is always easier to remove discolorations after arterial embalming has been completed. 4. When a discoloration cannot be removed by mechanical means, it might be necessary to use chemical means. 1 2 3 4

Answer 58

3

Question 59

Which of the following is not considered an embalming related discoloration? Erythematous rash Formaldehyde grey Postmortem bruising Razor burn

Answer 59

Erythematous rash

Question 60

Which of the following is not a complication associated with refrigeration? Bright red color to the blood Dehydration of mucous membranes Low blood viscosity Post mortem stain

Answer 60

Bright red color to the blood

Question 61

Which of the following reasons does not explain why there is limited preservative absorption during rigor mortis? 1. Muscle protein is contracted so fluid does not penetrate the muscle fibers well. 2. The protein centers to which preservative attaches are engaged in maintaining the state of rigor mortis. 3. The slight alkaline pH range retards fluid absorption. 4. Vessel lumens are reduced so distribution is decreased. 1 2 3 3 and 4

Answer 61

3

Question 62

Which of the following is not a predisposing condition leading to postmortem dehydration? Congestive heart disease Diabetes Kidney disease Slow hemorrhages

Answer 62

Congestive heart disease

Question 63

An edematous condition that leaves an imprint when pushed upon: 1. Generally does not respond well to arterial and mechanical treatment. 2. Generally responds well to arterial and mechanical treatment. 3. Is referred to as intracellular edema. 4. None of the above. 1 2 1 and 3 4

Answer 63

1

Question 64

Which of the following arteries would you expect to be more sclerotic? Axillary Brachial Carotid Femoral

Answer 64

Femoral

Question 65

``` Which of the following is not considered an extravascular resistance to embalming? Ascites Atherosclerosis Rigor mortis Swollen lymph nodes ```

Answer 65

Atherosclerosis

Question 66

Which of the following complications is associated with prolonged use of antibiotics? 1. Blood clots; impairment of circulation; poor distribution of fluids; purpura, urine retention and spongey nitrogenous waste-filled tissues. 2. Cell membranes less permeable; retention of fluids; mild to severe water-logging of tissues. 3. Cotton-like circulatory blockages (fungal overgrowth); jaundice; and bleeding into skin. 4. Low protein; kidney dysfunction and retention of nitrogenous waste products. 1 2 3 4

Answer 66

3

Question 67

Which of the following statements is false regarding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease? 1. CJD is a 100% fatal disease; there is no cure and no treatment. 2. The mode of transmission is largely unkown. 3. The organism can survive and remain viable for over a year, possibly infecting others during that time. 4. While the CJD organism is not destroyed by formaldehyde, phenol or glutaraldehyde, it is killed by ultraviolet radiation and standard gravity sterilization. 1 2 3 4

Answer 67

4

Question 68

What is the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to retard organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance? Embalming Mummification Refrigeration Restorative Art

Answer 68

Embalming

Question 69

What is the irreversible cessation of all vital functions? Autolysis Death Dehydration Syncope

Answer 69

Death

Question 70

What are changes occuring in the interval prior to somatic death? Antemortem Extrinsic Intrinsic Postmortem

Answer 70

Antemortem

Question 71

Which of the following is an instrument used for making incisions? Forceps Hemostat Scalpel Tissue Separator

Answer 71

Scalpel

Question 72

What is the consideration given to the body prior to, during and after the embalming process? Case analysis Disinfection Initial treatment Restoration

Answer 72

Case analysis

Question 73

What is an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper underlying structure? Anatomical guide Anatomical limit Linear guide Trocar guide

Answer 73

Linear guide

Question 74

Injection and drainage from one location is called: Multi-point injection One point injection Restricted cervical injection Split injection

Answer 74

One point injection

Question 75

Chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called: Anticoagulants Preservatives Surfactants Vehicles

Answer 75

Preservatives

Question 76

What is the movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries? Diffusion Distension Distribution Osmosis

Answer 76

Distribution

Question 77

Which of the following methods consists of injecting a few ounces of arterial chemical, then draining for a few minutes - each one separately? Alternate Concurrent Continuous Intermittent

Answer 77

Alternate

Question 78

Which of the following is a term used to refer to the after death examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause of death or pathological conditions? Antemortem Autolysis Case analysis Postmortem

Answer 78

Postmortem

Question 79

What is any abnormal color appearing in or upon the human body? Dessication Discoloration Imbibition Saponification

Answer 79

Discoloration

Question 80

For which of the following is it necessary that hospitals and community services have a plan for the expeditious mobilization and use of their services? Black-out Death Disaster The circus coming to town

Answer 80

Disaster

Question 81

A needle injector is used for: Aspiration Arterial injection Closing incisions Mouth closure

Answer 81

Mouth closure

Question 82

Cavity embalming consists of two phases, one of which is: Aspiration Expiration Inspiration Intussusception

Answer 82

Aspiration

Question 83

Which of the following will normally be aspirated from the stomach? Ammonia Bile Hydrochloric acid Urine

Answer 83

Hydrochloric acid

Question 84

What should the embalmer expect when someone dies of pneumonia? Rapid cooling of the body Serious body discoloration Severe rigor mortis Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

Answer 84

Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

Question 85

The formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is: 1 ppm/15 minutes 2 ppm/15 minutes 5 ppm/15 minutes 8 ppm/15 minutes

Answer 85

2 ppm/15 minutes

Question 86

Signs of death exhibited by the eyes of the deceased include: 1. Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball. 2. Loss of luster of the conjuctiva. 3. Pupil dilation and non-repsonse to light 4. Discoloration of the iris. 1, 2 and 3 1, 2 and 4 1, 3 and 4 2, 3 and 4

Answer 86

1, 2 and 3

Question 87

What is another name for pleural effusion? Ascites Hydrocele Hydropericardium Hydrothorax

Answer 87

Hydrothorax

Question 88

Cavity embalming consists of two steps, aspiration and: Diffusion Injection Powdering Surface embalming

Answer 88

Injection

Question 89

Proteolysis refers to decomposition of: Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Sugars

Answer 89

Proteins

Question 90

Which of the following conditions would require special attention during thoracic cavity embalming? 1. Ascites 2. Hydropericardium 3. Hydroperitoneum 4. Hydrothorax 1 and 3 1 and 4 2 and 3 2 and 4

Answer 90

2 and 4

Question 91

What is discoloration resulting when formaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in the body tissues? Biliverdin Formaldehyde grey Icterus Pigmentation

Answer 91

Biliverdin

Question 92

What is severe generalized edema? Anasarca Ascites Hydrocele Hypostasis

Answer 92

Anasarca

Question 93

What is the escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death? Agonal edema Anasarca Ascites Asepsis

Answer 93

Agonal edema

Question 94

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as: Co-injection fluids Humectants Jaundice fluids Pre-injection fluids

Answer 94

Jaundice fluids

Question 95

What are chemicals that create an incresed capability for embalmed tissue to retain moisture content? Anticoagulants Buffers Humectants Surfactants

Answer 95

Humectants

Question 96

Which of the following instruments would be used for hypodermic injection of fluid into the lower extremities? Adult trocar Arterial tube Drainage tube Hypovalve trocar

Answer 96

Hypovalve trocar

Question 97

Which of the following is a consideration when embalming an obese body? 1. Elevate the head and shoulders. 2. Measure widest part of body to determine what size casket is needed. 3. Positioning of elbows as close to body as possible. 4. Strong solution to preserve adipose tissue. 1 and 4 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer 97

1, 2, and 3

Question 98

Which of the following is a consideration of embalming room management? 1. Accessibility (location) 2. Flooring type 3. Proper signage 4. Ventilation 1, 2 and 4 1, 3 and 4 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer 98

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 99

With which degree of burns would you proceed with a normal injection adjustng your solution strength accordingly and only be concerned with discoloration of the skin? First Second Third Fourth

Answer 99

First

Question 100

How would you most likely treat a hematoma on the back of the hand? Embalm the area with a hypovalve trocar Excise the tissue Leave it alone Place a compress and preservative surface pack on the area

Answer 100

Place a compress and preservative surface pack on the area