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NBE Examine Review > Funeral Service History > Flashcards

Funeral Service History Flashcards

1
Q

After boiling the body of a noble man or soldier who died in a foreign land, the juices were:

Buried
Made into soup
Poured into the river
Taken home in a barrel

A

Buried

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2
Q

What is the Greek word for coffin?

Anubis
Funeralis
Praeco
Kofinis

A

Kofinis

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3
Q

What is Natron?

An Egyptian god
A Greek funeral prayer
A Roman burial receptacle
An Egyptian preservative salt

A

An Egyptian preservative salt

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4
Q

Which of the following was not a responsibility of the sexton during the Middle Ages?

Care for church property
Dig graves
Prepare deceased for burial
Ring bells

A

Prepare deceased for burial

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5
Q

The Egyptians placed the organs in how many
different canopic jars?

3
4
5
6

A

4

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6
Q

Which method(s) of disposition did the Romans practice?

Burial
Cremation
Both A & B
None

A

Both A & B

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7
Q

Mound burial was a custom with the:

Egyptians
Greeks
Romans
Vikings

A

Vikings

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8
Q

Egyptian embalming was performed by:

Physicians
Priests
Slaves
Women

A

Priests

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9
Q

Green burials usually include all of the following except:

Biodegradable casket
Embalming with non-toxic chemicals
Natural rock for a headstone
No vault

A

Embalming with non-toxic chemicals

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10
Q

The functions of early American coffins were all of the following, except:

Help preserve the body
Reduce the spread of disease
Status indication
Utility

A

Help preserve the body

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11
Q

The device used to carry a coffin or body is called a

Bier
Catafalque
Pall
Torchier

A

Bier

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12
Q

All of the following were popular coffins/caskets in the 19th century except:

Aluminum
Cloth-covered
Wood
Zeigler case

A

Aluminum

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13
Q

Part of the reason for organizing a national association was to develop standards for transporting bodies on:

Airplanes
Ships
Trains
Trucks

A

Trains

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14
Q

Where was the first American crematory built?

Washington, DC
Washington, IL
Washington, PA
Washington state

A

Washington, PA

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15
Q

According to the NFDA’s Code of Professional Conduct, funeral directors are obligated to serve all but:

  The Deceased 
  The Family 
  NFDA 
  OSHA 
  The Public
A

OSHA

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16
Q

During the Civil War, embalming surgeons and undertakers often worked in all of the following except:

Barns
Cabins
Sheds
Tents

A

Cabins

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17
Q

Which of the following was not placed in a canopic jar?

  Brain 
  Gall Bladder 
  Heart 
  Large Intestine 
  Stomach
A

Gall Bladder

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18
Q

In Egyptian history, the walled suburb of a major city where embalming was performed was referred to as the

City of Necessity
Metropolis
Mound City
Necropolis

A

Necropolis

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19
Q

Which culture is associated with the practice of immersing the body of the dead in earthen jars filled with honey or wax?

Babylonians
Ethiopians
Gaunches
Peruvians

A

Babylonians

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20
Q

The ones who created mummies that were referred to as “Xaxos” were the

Egyptians
Ehtiopians
Gaunches
Peruvians

A

Gaunches

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21
Q

With which era are the years 30,000 B.C. to 6,000 B.C. associated?

Eolithic Period
Middle Ages
Neolithic Period
Paleolithic Period

A

Neolithic Period

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22
Q

The earliest assumed state of man was depictive of which era?

Ancient
Eolithic
Medieval
Paleolithic

A

Eolithic

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23
Q

The term Sarcophagus refers to which of the following?

A burial ceromony
A coffin
A cremation urn
A type of Canopic Jar

A

A coffin

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24
Q

According to ancient Egyptian history, which of the following numbers approxiamtes the number of years required to complete the journey known as the “Circle of Necessity”

30
300
3,000
30,000

A

3,000

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25
Q

The one in Egypt known as God of the Underworld and Judge of the Dead was

Herodotus
Horus
Osiris
Ramses the great

A

Osiris

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26
Q

The year 1628 is associated with which great event in the history of embalming?

Discovery of bacteria
Discovery of blood circulation
Discovery of capillary circulation
Discovery of formaldehyde

A

Discovery of blood circulation

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27
Q

The most expensive method of Egyptian embalming consisted of five steps, the last of which was

bandaging and anointing
drying the body in the sun
immersion in a natron solution
removal of the brain

A

bandaging and anointing

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28
Q

According to ancient Egyptian death beliefs, the element of the body which remained with the body in the grave and demanded attention from the living was the

Ba
Ka
Shadow
Yakhu

A

Ka

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29
Q 
Tree burial was associated with which of the following?
  Ehtiopians 
  North American Indians 
  Persians 
  Peruvians
A

North American Indians

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30
Q

The years associated with the Medieval Period are

600 A.D. to 1850 A.D.
700 A.D. to 1900 A.D.
6,000 B.C. to 600 A.D.
30,000 B.C. to 6,000 B.C.

A

600 A.D. to 1850 A.D.

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31
Q

Which of the following cultures were believed to have thrown their dead to hordes of wild dogs?

Aryan Tribes
Balearians
Hindustanies
Mongolians

A

Mongolians

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32
Q

Which people have been known to have skinned their dead as part of the body perparation procedure?

Baylonians
Egyptians
Gaunches
North American Indians

A

North American Indians

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33
Q

The “Elysian Fields” death belief is associated with which of the following cultures?

Ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Hebrew

A

Ancient Greeks

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34
Q

The “Father of Modern Embalming” in the United States is

Auguste Renourd
Dr. Thomas Holmes
Edwin Chadwick
Libitina

A

Dr. Thomas Holmes

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35
Q

The “Guild of All Souls” was established in

Athens, Greece
Cairo, Egypt
London, England
Paris, France

A

London, England

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36
Q

The term “Tabona” referred to which of the following?

A form of coffin
A flint stone knife
A god worshipped by an early culture
A type of tomb for burial

A

A flint stone knife

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37
Q

In discussing the undertaking specialist of ancient Egypt, which one of the following was referred to as the priest?

Apothecary
Designer
Dissector
Kher-heb

A

Kher-heb

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38
Q

The Egyptians felt that which of the following was the seat of intellect and emotion?

Brain
Heart
Lungs
Soul

A

Heart

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39
Q

The Ba, Yakhu, The Name, The Heart, The Shadow, and The Ka are elements of the body that were associated with which fo the following cultures?

Egyptians
Greeks
Hebrews
Romans

A

Egyptians

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40
Q

The Cult of Dionysius is associated with which of the following cultures?

Ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Hebrews

A

Ancient Greeks

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41
Q

Who was the Greek historian known as the “Father of History”?

Dionysius
Herodotus
King Solomon
Ramses the Great

A

Herodotus

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42
Q

The “Crier” in Ancient Rome was also referred to as the

Designator
Embalmer
Pollinctores
Praeco

A

Praeco

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43
Q

Regarding the journey known as the Circle of Necessity, according to the Egyptians, where did this journey lead?

Across the River Styx
Around the world
Down the Nile River
To the Sun and back

A

To the Sun and back

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44
Q

How often did the inundation of the Nile River occur?

Once a month
Once a year
Once every ten years
Twice a year

A

Once a year

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45
Q

Libitina and Libitinarius are funeral functionaries identified with which of the following early cultures?

Egyptians
Greeks
Hebrews
Romans

A

Romans

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46
Q

Which of the following did the Egyptians believe to be the Center of the Universe?

The Amazon River
The Mediterranean Sea
The Nile River
The Sun

A

The Sun

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47
Q

In discussing early American funerals, inviters to funerals and town undertakers were referred to as

licensed funeral directors
municipal officers
specific layers out of the dead
sextons

A

municipal officers

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48
Q

A “Sin-eater” was associated with which of the following?

Ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Middle-Ages

A

Middle-Ages

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49
Q

The Medieval Irish wakes were known for their

anger
mask making
light-hearted practices
sadness

A

light-hearted practices

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50
Q

Jewish burials were scheduled

at dawn
during the day of death before sundown
during the middle of the night
one hour before dawn

A

during the day of death before sundown

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51
Q

The Great Plague of London took place in

1491-1492
1664-1665
1764-1765
1865-1866

A

1664-1665

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52
Q

The placing of various organs in canopic jars and embalming by class distinction was specifically associated with which of the following early civilizations?

Ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Early Christians

A

Ancient Egyptians

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53
Q

The Egyptian “God of the Dead” was

Anubis
Osiris
Ra
Set

A

Osiris

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54
Q

The “Designator” in ancient Rome was also referred to as the

Crier
Embalmer
Goddess of Corpses and Funerals
Master of Ceremonies

A

Master of Ceremonies

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55
Q

Burial Societies were becoming common place during

Ancient Period
Medieval Period
Modern Period
Neolithic Era

A

Medieval Period

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56
Q

The first people to dress their dead in white clothing were the

Christians
Egyptians
Greeks
Romans

A

Christians

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57
Q

The use of an “effigy” became popularized during
You Answered

early America
classical antiquity
late 19th century
the Middle-Ages

A

the Middle-Ages

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58
Q

The term used by the Jewish people to represent the flesh was

Basar
Charon
Chevrah Kadisha
Nefesh

A

Basar

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59
Q

The Great Plague of London took place during the

classical antiquity
early 19th century
Middle-Ages
middle 20th century

A

Middle-Ages

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60
Q

The person who was responsible for bringing the European embalming techniques to the U.S was

Harlan
Hofmann
Penberthy
Worsham

A

Harlan

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61
Q

Durign the Middle Ages, a waxed death mask was referred to as a(n)

catacomb
door badge
effigy
evil spirit

A

effigy

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62
Q

The “Cult of Osiris” is indentified with which early civilization?

Ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks
Ancient Romans
Hebrews

A

Ancient Egyptians

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63
Q

The most common form of disposition for the early Scandinavians was

cave burial
cremation
dissection
earth burial

A

cremation

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64
Q

One of the countries which made mask making very popular in replacing the body during the long periods the body was lying in state was

England
Germany
Ireland
Scotland

A

England

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65
Q

Which of the following is not rue of the Ancient Jewish funeral?

Embalming was not practiced
In the beginning they didn’t use caskets or outer containers
The women always prepared the dead bodies
They did not practice cremation

A

The women always prepared the dead bodies

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66
Q

The “Kiss of Peace” represented a major break in tradition between the Christians and the

Greeks
Jews
Northern Europeans
Romans

A

Jews

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67
Q

Another name for the Dark Ages was

Ancient Period
Eolithic Ages
Middle Ages
Neolithic Ages

A

Middle Ages

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68
Q

Burial trends during the Middle Ages were greatly influenced by the

church
death beliefs
king
public

A

church

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69
Q

The period of time when the Egyptians were embalming bodies was

Ancient
Neolithic
Medieval
Paleolithic

A

Ancient

70
Q

The name of the Jewish grave that was covered with a stone slab is

Chamber
Mausoleum
Pyramid
Sunken

A

Sunken

71
Q

Which of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process was the most prominent?

Apothecary
Chief Embalmer
Dissector
Priest

A

Priest

72
Q

The country that practiced “Communion of the Dead” was

Germany
Ireland
Scotland
Both B & C

A

Both B & C

73
Q

The first Christian ruler of Rome was

Alexander
Constantine
Horus
Nero

A

Constantine

74
Q

Which of the following is not part of a Roman Committal Service?

Burial mass celebrated at the grave site
Casting earth upon the remains by the family of the deceased
Dedication of the burial grounds
Purification of the family and friends by washing of the hands

A

Burial mass celebrated at the grave site

75
Q

Constantine’s Sumptuary Laws

guaranteed a funeral service for everyone
permitted burial within the walls of Rome
regulated the cost of a Roman funeral
was a body of mortuary laws

A

was a body of mortuary laws

76
Q

The focal point of a Roman Funeral Procession was the

Freedmen
Jesters
Singers
Torch bearer

A

Torch bearer

77
Q

Which of the following does not have any significance in the Greek Burial practices and customs?

An Obol
Cerberus
Charon
God’s Little Acre

A

God’s Little Acre

78
Q

The name of the place of Greek afterlife was

Commune Sepulchrum
Hades
Sheol
Valhalla

A

Hades

79
Q

In the mythological concepts of the Greek Afterlife, the Greeks prepared the body to go to

Commune Sepulchrum
Hades
Sheol
Valhalla

A

Hades

80
Q

Of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process, the person who marked the length of the incision with a charcoal pencil was the

Chief Embalmer
Physician
Scribe
Surgeon

A

Scribe

81
Q

Early Scandinavians referred to Valhalla as

Hades
Land of the Dead
Land of the Sea
Nothingness

A

Land of the Dead

82
Q

The percentage of Egyptians prepared by the inexpensive method of embalming was

2%
10%
18%
80%

A

80%

83
Q 
The Roman "Head Undertaker" was referred to as the
  Designator 
  Libitinarius 
  Pollinctores 
  Praeco
A

Libitinarius

84
Q

Which of the following was not part of an Egyptian Funeral procession?

Jesters
Professional mourners
Religious representatives
The body placed on a sled which was drawn by oxen

A

Jesters

85
Q

Of the following individuals involved in the Egyptian embalming process, who was in charge of the funeral procession of an influential Egyptian?

Chief Embalmer
Physician
Scribe
Surgeon

A

Physician

86
Q

Many historians credit the Greeks as the first to use

burial containers
cremation
oxen to pull the bier
the wheel

A

cremation

87
Q

The deceased Hebrews were dressed in

all white burial clothing
clothing which signified their station in life
their best attire
a toga

A

their best attire

88
Q

Who discovered formaldehyde in 1868?

Barnes
Bellows
Hofmann
Holmes

A

Hofmann

89
Q

The Jewish people believed the individual was made up of two elements which were

Charon and Cerberus
Horus and Isis
Nefesh and Basar
Styx and Journey

A

Nefesh and Basar

90
Q

Who usually had their funeral procession during the night?

Christians
Greeks
Romans
Scandinavians

A

Romans

91
Q

The people who dressed their dead in togas were the

Christians
Greeks
Romans
Sigma Phi Sigma Fraternity

A

Romans

92
Q

The person who had Gannal’s book published in the United States was

Harlan
Harvey
Leeuwenhoek
Malpighi

A

Harlan

93
Q

The people who cremated their dead with all of their worldly possessions were the

Christians
Greeks
Northern Europeans
Romans

A

Northern Europeans

94
Q

The Sun worshipers believed people were developed from how many elements?

2
3
4
6

A

6

95
Q

The deity who is known as “God of the Underworld” is

Annubis
Horus
Isis
Osiris

A

Osiris

96
Q

Jewish funeral customs were noted for their

desire to thoroughly preserve the body
simplicity
traditional respect for their burial ground
utilization of cremation

A

simplicity

97
Q

The Necropolis was the

City of the Dead
Land of the Cemeteries and Crypts
Worship place for Sun Worshipers
Worship place for the Cult of Osiris

A

City of the Dead

98
Q

The Egyptian coffin which gained popularity because of the influence of Osiris was called the

anthropoid
earthenware
portrait
sarcophagus

A

anthropoid

99
Q

The individual designated to eviscerate and wash the Egyptian remains was

The Apothecary
The Scribe
The Surgeon
None of these

A

None of these

100
Q

Who was the wicked brother of Osiris?

Anubis
Ba
Ka
Set

A

Set

101
Q

The Jewish religious sect which has a very strict viewpoint of their religious policies and procedures are the

Conservative
Orthodox
Progressive
Reformed

A

Orthodox

102
Q

Egyptian burial receptacles which were large, massive and rectangular in shape where what type of casket?

Anthropoid
Earthenware
Sarcophagus
Wooden

A

Sarcophagus

103
Q

The injection of cedar oil into the abdomen of the body was utilized in the medium priced method of Egyptian embalming, causing the organs in the cavity to

be dissolved
be sterilized
become hard
have an adequate amount of preservative

A

be dissolved

104
Q

The civilization of people whose faith necessitated burial of the deceased by sundown on the day of death was the

Africans
Egyptians
Greeks
Hebrews

A

Hebrews

105
Q

What approximate percentage of the Egyptian populace were prepared by the expensive method of embalming?

2%
10%
18%
50%

A

2%

106
Q

The most desirable mode of disposition for the Egyptians was

burial at sea
cremation
earth burial
entombment

A

entombment

107
Q

The canopic jars which housed the organs of deceased Egyptians were named after the four sons of

Horus
Isis
Osiris
Set

A

Horus

108
Q

Which of the following was not a consideration in the development of coffins and burial cases?

Desire for complete protection
Emphasis on increased utility
Importance on preservation of the deceased
Improvement in style and composition

A

Importance on preservation of the deceased

109
Q

Which of the following is not part of the expensive Egyptian embalming method?

Drying in open sunlight
Evisceration through the abdominal incision
Immersion in molten asphalt
Removal of the brain throught the ear or nostril passage

A

Immersion in molten asphalt

110
Q

Which of the following was not a consideration with the introduction of the metallic burial casket?

Changes in various designs
Emphasis on preservation of the dead
Introduction of the ogee design
Ounces per square foot

A

Ounces per square foot

111
Q

The individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whos functions were embalming and wrapping of the remains was the

Apothecary
Dissector
Pharmacist
Surgeon

A

Surgeon

112
Q

Which of the following was not a major influece in the development of chemical embalming?

A longer viewing period
Air tight receptacles
Element of disinfection
The Civil War

A

Air tight receptacles

113
Q

The individual involved in embalming the Egyptian dead whose function was to annoint the body with necessary oils, spices and ointments was the

Anatomist
Apothecary Servant
Dissector
Scribe

A

Apothecary Servant

114
Q

Early methods of transporting the body included all but which of the following?

Bearers
Biers
Horse-drawn carts
Limousines

A

Limousines

115
Q

The most noted impact the Egyptian coffins had on another civilization was with the

Greeks
Hebrews
Jews
Romans

A

Romans

116
Q

During the 19th century, various chemical manufactures were influential in the development of mortuary education and the rising prevalence of embalming. Among the services which those companies offered the undertaker included all but which of the following:

merchandising techniques for use in the casket room
training in the proper use of embalming chemicals
training sessions to up-date the embalmer in the latest chemical developments
traveling salesmen to promote their products

A

merchandising techniques for use in the casket room

117
Q

Which of the following came first?

Formulation of definite religious beliefs
Formulation of government
Funeral customs
Treatment of disease

A

Funeral customs

118
Q

Which of the following is associated with the introduction and developmnet of early funeral transportation?

A. Johnson Dodge
Auguste Renouard
Crane & Breed
Dr. Richard Harlan

A

Crane & Breed

119
Q

With the introduction of coffins and early funeral goods, which of the following were primarily pursuing the undertaking profession?

Craftsman
Survivors
The Clergy
The Doctors

A

Craftsman

120
Q

Who is credited with the introduction of cremation?

Americans
Egyptians
Greeks
Romans

A

Greeks

121
Q

As casket manufacturers became more sophisticated in their merchandise, which of the following was an attitudinal change which was reflected in their products?

From ferrous to non-ferrous
From six sides to four sides
From softwood to hardwood
More aesthetic luxury

A

More aesthetic luxury

122
Q

Dionysius was recognized as

“The god of spirit”
“The god of song”
“The god of wine”
“The goddess of corpses”

A

“The god of wine”

123
Q

The Burial in Woolen Act took place in what year?

1666
1676
1839
1843

A

1666

124
Q

The “Conclamatio Mortis” is identified with which of the following?

An ancient Greek civilization
Egyptian embalmers
The calling out of the dead
The “god of the underworld”

A

The calling out of the dead

125
Q

In ancient Egypt, the priest was also referred to as the

Apothecary
Basar
Kher-heb
Nefesh

A

Kher-heb

126
Q

Who is credited with receiving one, if not the first patent, in regards to life preserving coffins?

Almond D. Fisk
Christian Eisenbrandt
Edwin Chadwick
J.R. Barnes

A

Christian Eisenbrandt

127
Q

Edwin Chadwick is associated with which of the following?

Early inventor of life preserving coffins
Independent heart burial
Investigator of mass corruption in regards to English practices
Modern embalming

A

Investigator of mass corruption in regards to English practices

128
Q

A waxed death mask of nobility was referred to as a(n)

barbe
cap
effigy
sin-eater

A

effigy

129
Q

The wake during the Middle Ages was also referred to as the

feudal feast
independent bone burial
Purgatorial Doctrine
vigil for the dead

A

vigil for the dead

130
Q

A social development in the Middle Ages whereby the bodies of the noble were seperated and the bones were brought back to their home in a chest describes

feudal funerals
funeral ostentation
independent bone burial
none of these

A

independent bone burial

131
Q

Which funeral functionary in ancient Rome was identified as the “crier”?

Anatomist
Designator
Libitinarius
Praeco

A

Praeco

132
Q

Receptacles that were patented in the early 19th century but which gained no popular appeal were referred to as

Also-rans
cloth covered caskets
fisk metallic coffins
metallic burial cases

A

Also-rans

133
Q

One of the first coffin shop/warehouses was started in New York by which of the following?

A.C. Barstow
Christian Eisenbrandt
John L. Dillon
Robert Frederick

A

John L. Dillon

134
Q

In ancient Rome, this early death belief said that the body and soul were composed of atoms which simply disintergrated at death. Who is repsonsible for influencing this belief?

Constantine
Epicurus
Hapi
Osiris

A

Epicurus

135
Q

The “god of the underworld” is recognized with which of the following?

Dionysius
Elysian Fields
Osiris
Tuamutef

A

Osiris

136
Q

In early American undertaking, inviters to funerals were considered to be

designers of metallic recptacles
embalmers
municipal officers
sextons

A

municipal officers

137
Q

Which of the following is not considered to be an influential person in the development of embalming schools?

A. Johnson Dodge
Auguste Renourd
Edwin Chadwick
Joseph H. Clark

A

Edwin Chadwick

138
Q

Which of the following received one of the first patents for a corpse cooler/cooling board during the 19th century?

A.C. Barstow
Almond D. Fisk
J.R. Barnes
Robert Frederick and C.A. Trump

A

Robert Frederick and C.A. Trump

139
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason why “Auto Funerals” would be slow in being accepted?

Auto hearses could travel no faster than a horse-drawn hearse
Auto hearses were less costly than the traditional horse-drawn hearse
People believed the auto hearse was a way of rushing the deceased to the grave
Upkeep on auto hearses was expensive

A

Auto hearses were less costly than the traditional horse-drawn hearse

140
Q

Where did burial and/or entombment take place in ancient Rome?

In the streets of Rome
Inside the walls of Rome
On family lands
Outside the walls of Rome

A

Outside the walls of Rome

141
Q

Which of the following is known for featuring a horse drawn hearse at the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 that resembled a church-like design and which weighed 2400 pounds?

Crane and Breed
Fred Hulberg
Hudson Sampson
Fred Hulberg

A

Crane and Breed

142
Q

The Egyptian undertaking specialist whose job included making medicines and annointing the body of the deceased was referred to as the

Anatomist
Apothecary
Embalmer
Surgeon

A

Apothecary

143
Q

“The goddess of corpses and funerals” is recognized as

Epicurus
Libitina
Libitinarius
Praeco

A

Libitina

144
Q

In discussing ancient Rome culture, “The Designator” was also referred to as the

Crier
Embalmer
Master of Ceremonies
Priest

A

Master of Ceremonies

145
Q

The “Head Undertaker” in ancient Rome was referred to as the

Anatomist
Designator
Kher-heb
Libitinarius

A

Libitinarius

146
Q

By virtue of technical skill and knowledge which of the following individuals, in particular, was qualified to fulfill the role as coroner in early America?

Cabinet-makers
Inviter to funerals
Town undertakers
Under-bearers

A

Town undertakers

147
Q

M.H. Crane and J.R. Barnes acquired the manufacturing rights from Fisk in what year?

1848
1853
1889
1907

A

1853

148
Q

Which of the following recptacles was used for ex-president Grant?

Style “E” State Casket
The Fisk
The Fisk Mummy Case
Zinc “Shoulder” Casket

A

Style “E” State Casket

149
Q

In discussing metallic burial caskets, the ogee design served what purpose?

It added additional weight
It reduced the excess space
It reduced the excess weight
B & C only

A

B & C only

150
Q

The individual to receive the first American patent for a metallic coffin was

A.C. Barstow
Almond D. Fisk
James A Gray
John L. Dillon

A

James A Gray

151
Q

In discussing Edwin Chadwick’s report, what did he recommend

All cemeteries be municipalized
Cremation instead of burial
Religious rites be simplified and standardized
A and C Only

A

All cemeteries be municipalized

152
Q

What was the effect on cemeteries in regards to the Great Plague of London?

Cemeteries were overcrowded
Everyone was cremated
There was a great amount of spce available in the cemeteries
None of the above

A

Cemeteries were overcrowded

153
Q

During the late Middle Ages, who began experimenting with embalming?

The Anatomist
The Sexton
The Surgeon
Both A and C

A

Both A and C

154
Q

What was the long pleated garment worn by a widow during the Middle Ages?

A Barbe
A Basar
A Bonnet
A Cap

A

A Barbe

155
Q

Which of these individuals criticized the use of common preservatives such as arsenic in regards to embalming?

Dr. Richard Harlan
Dr. Thomas Holmes
J. Anthony Gaussardia
James A Gray

A

Dr. Thomas Holmes

156
Q

The first secular funeral director in the western world was

Kher-heb
Libitina
Libitinarius
Praecio

A

Libitinarius

157
Q

Cremation first gained widespread acceptance and practice in

ancient Greece
ancient Rome
Israel
Scandinavian countries

A

ancient Greece

158
Q

The Roman funeral was typically carried out by

public officials and paid secular functionaries
military legions
the church
the family

A

public officials and paid secular functionaries

159
Q

To keep down the cost of funerals in the Middle Ages, people often formed

burial clubs
church groups
insurance associations
memorial societies

A

burial clubs

160
Q

The man genrally credited with the term “Father of Bacteriology” was

Anthony von Leewenhoek
Gabrial Clauderus
Frederick Ruysch
Marcello Malpighi

A

Anthony von Leewenhoek

161
Q

A man named Chadwick issued a landmark report and supplement after three years of study (1839-42). The report discussed

the development of allied health studies in universities
the deplorable conditions in English cemeteries
the rise of medical schools around 1800
unsanitary conditions in American cities

A

the deplorable conditions in English cemeteries

162
Q

The man who translated Jean Gannal’s history of embalming in 1834 and thereby made embalming available to the American public was

Dr. Richard Harlan
Dr. Thomas Holmes
John Hunter
William Hunter

A

Dr. Richard Harlan

163
Q

An above ground structure containing crypts for casketed remains is a

canopy
chapel
columbarium
mausoleum

A

mausoleum

164
Q

The agency responsible for production, administration and integrity of the National Board Examination is the

American Board of Funeral Service Education
International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards
National Foundation of Funeral Service
National Funeral Directors Association

A

International Conference of Funeral Service

165
Q

The first major attempt to establish requirements, tests and licenses for embalmers in the United States was

state board examinations
the Burial in Woolen Act
the National Board of Funeral Examination
the Order Concerning Embalmers

A

the Order Concerning Embalmers

166
Q

The author of The Undertaker’s Manual , the first book published specifically as an embalming textbook in the United States, was

Dr. Auguste Renouard
Dr. Thomas Holmes
Mr. John Hunter
Mr. William Hunter

A

Dr. Auguste Renouard

167
Q

In Egyptian emblaming practice, canopic jars were used to store

appendages
food
infants
viscera

A

viscera

168
Q

In ancient Egypt, to prepare a body for burial, it was immersed in

crude oil
fish oil
natron
olive oil

A

natron

169
Q

Dr. Thomas Holmes is credited with the 19th century development of

cooling boards
chemical embalming
life signals
the Fisk metallic coffin

A

chemical embalming

170
Q

The agency charged with developing curriculum and accreditation standards for funeral service educational programs in the United States is the

American Board of Funeral Service Education
National Foundation of Funeral Service Education
National Funeral Directors Association
University Mortuary Science Education Association

A

American Board of Funeral Service Education

NBE Examine Review (11 decks)

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