embryogenesis and fetal devt Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
naegale’s rule
A
-3 months and +7 days
2
Q
how many weeks
first trimester?
second?
third?
A
14 weeks
28 weeks
42 weeks
3
Q
first 2 weeks after ovulation
A
fertilization
4
Q
stage 1 (0-2 d)
A
zygote
blastomeres
5
Q
stage 2 (2-4 d)
A
morula (12-16 cells)
6
Q
4th-5th d
A
blastocyst (32 cells)
7
Q
stage 3 & 4 (4-6 d)
A
zona pellucida disappears
implantation of blastocyst
8
Q
embryonic period
A
primitive chorionic villi
third week after ovulation and fertilization
9
Q
stage 5 (6-12 d)
A
bilaminar embryo
primary yolk sac
10
Q
ectoderm
endoderm
A
amnionic cavity
yolk sac cavity
11
Q
stage 6 & 7 (12-17 d)
A
well defined embryonic disk
differentiated stalk
12
Q
21 d (7somites)
A
differentiated body stalk
1cm chorionic sac
zipper-like motion somite
13
Q
22 d (17 somites)
A
true intervillous space
14
Q
stages 10 & 12
A
3-4 week old embryo
8 & 12 somites (22 &23 d)
16, 27 & 33 somites ( 24-28 d)
15
Q
end of stage 12 (4th week)
A
c-shaped curvature
arm and leg buds
CV system
primitive heart
16
Q
end of 6th week
A
22-24mm embryo head is large heart completely formed fingers and toes are present arms bend at elbow upper lip is complete
17
Q
8th week
A
fetal period
4cm fetus
growth and maturation
18
Q
12 weeks
A
CRL 6-7cm ossification centers differentiated toes and fingers scattered rudiments of hair external genitalia
19
Q
16 weeks
A
CRL 12cm
110g
genders can be determined
eye movements
20
Q
20 weeks
A
>300g fetal movement about every minute palpate height of fetus at umbilicus downy lanugo cochlear function
21
Q
24 weeks
A
630g wrinkled skin & fat deposition eyelashes & eyebrows canalicular period of lung devt nociceptor
22
Q
28 weeks
A
CRL 25cm thin red skin vernix caseosa pupillary membrane disappeared 90% survival
23
Q
32 weeks
A
CRL 28cm
1800g
24
Q
36 weeks
A
CRL 32cm
2500g
body more rotund
wrinkled face disappear
25
40 weeks
CRL 36cm
3400g
term
fetus fully developed
26
```
fetal head measurement
occipitofrontal?
biparietal?
bitemporal?
occipitomental?
suboccipitobregmatic?
```
```
occipitofrontal - 11.5cm
biparietal - 9.5cm
bitemporal - 8cm
occipitomental - 12.5cm
suboccipitobregmatic - 9.5cm
```
27
anterior fontanel
| posterior fontanel
diamond (sagittal & coronal)
| triangle (sagittal & lambdoid)
28
week?
fetal brain
gyral formation and prolif, diff, and migration
20-24 wks
29
fetal circulation
oxygenated blood, UV (ligamentum teres) > umbilicus > ductus venosus > IVC > oxy RA > foramen ovale > oxy LA > oxy in LV > heart & brain > > deoxy from IVC & SVC > deoxy RA > deoxy RV > deoxy PA > ductus arteriosus > desc. aorta > hypogastric artery > UA (umbilical ligaments) > placenta
30
3 shunts of fetal circulation (changes)
```
ductus venosus (ligamentum venosum)
foramen ovale (f. close several hrs; a. fusion 1yr; atrial septum)
ductus arteriosus (f. close 10-95hrs; a. close 2-3wks; ligamentum arteriosum; bet. PA & aorta)
```
31
how many times is fetal CO than that of adult?
3x
32
fetal hematopoiesis
yolk sac
liver
bone marrow
hgb 12g/dL at midpregnancy to 18g/dL at term
33
fetal erythropoiesis
fetal EPO since maternal EPO cannot cross placenta
| liver
34
fetal blood volume
80mL/kg after cord clamping
| 125mL/kg at term
35
3 major fetal hgb
```
hgb F (2 gamma)
hgb A (32-34wks; 2 beta)
hgb A2 (mature fetus; 2 delta)
```
36
fetal coagulation factor
2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3
37
fetal coagulation factor
2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3
38
Ig G
16 wks
| bulk at last 4 wks
39
Ig M
intrauterine infx
40
Ig A
colostrum
41
lymphocytes and monocytes
9 wks - liver
12 wks - blood and spleen
14 wks - leaves thymus
42
nervous system
24 wks - S1
birth - L3
adult - L1
43
rudimentary taste bud;
| ACTH
7th wk
44
```
synaptic fx;
flexion on neck and trunk;
glucagon;
insulin containing granules;
leydig prod. testosterone
```
8th wk
45
```
squinting, opening of mouth, incomplete finger closure;
swallowing;
testis prod. testosterone;
mullerian duct regression;
cardinal ligament
```
10th wk
46
```
mature receptors of taste buds;
detectable insulin;
urine production;
50mL amniotic fluid prod. by amniotic membrane;
GH & LH (13th wk);
GFR <0.1mL/min
```
12th wk
47
respiration;
trypsin, chymotrypsin, phospholipase A & lipase;
loop of henle
male external genital diff. complete
14-16th wk
48
suck
24th wk
49
hears some sound
24-26th wk
50
eyes sensitive to ligh
28th wk
51
ear devt;
| 400mL amniotic fluid by fetal urine
midpregnancy
52
integration of nervous and muscular fx
3rd trimester
53
SI undergo peristalsis and transport glucose;
oxytocin & AVP;
thyroid hormone
10-12 wks
54
fetal cholesterol from?
hepatic synthesis
55
urine 7-14mL/d
18th wk
56
amniotic fluid 1000mL
36-38 wks
57
pseudoglandular stage (intersegmental growth)
5-7th wk
58
canalicular stage (respiratory bronchioles)
16-25th wk
59
terminal sac stage (terminal sac)
>25th wk
60
alveolar stage
32 wks
61
surfactant
```
type II pneumocytes
keep terminal sac from collapsing during breathing
90% lipid; 10% protein
DPPC - principal active component
lecithins (80% of glycerophospholipids)
SP-A - major apoprotein
```
62
synthesize & store all pituitary hormone
end of 17th wk
63
TSH, thyroxine, TBG;
mesonephros degenerates;
female external genital diff. complete
11 wks
64
pronephros (first kidney)
2 wks
65
mesonephros (middle kidney);
| uterus & tube ariase from mullerian ducts
5 wks
66
metanephros
permanent kidney
67
GFR 0.3mL/min
20th wk
68
urine 650mL/d
term
69
```
origin:
female genital tract
fallopian tube
broad ligament (19th wk)
urinary bladder
gartner's duct
ovarian ligament
round ligament
```
female genital tract - paramesonephric duct
fallopian tube - cephalad of paramesonephric duct
broad ligament - paramesonephric duct pulled away from posterior body wall
urinary bladder - urogenital sinus
gartner's duct - caudal of mesonephric duct
ovarian ligament - proximal of gubernaculum
round ligament - distal of of gubernaculum
