Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Genitourinary System > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When does the development of kidneys start ?

A

In the third week of fetal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of embryonic tissue does the kidney develop from ?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of kidney development ?

A

3 Stages : Pronephros , mesonephros and metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At what directoction does the kidney develop ?

A

Craniocaudal direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What stage will be the permenant stage ?

A

Third stage : Metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of intermediate mesoderm does the pronephros develop from ?

A

Cephalic part of intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fate of Pronephros :

A

Transient ; it degenerates at the 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Pronephros :

A

Functionless, but induces the formation of Mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The mesonephros ( second kidney is formed of :

A

1) Mesonephric duct ( Wolffian duct )
2) Mesonephric Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each Mesonephric tubule has ……………….. .

A

Two ends :

Medial end : invaginate by Glomerulus ( capillaries arise from dorsal or abdominal aorta )
Lateral end : Opens into Mesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of mesonephros :

A

Urine excretion for approximately four weeks ( 4-8 weeks ) , till the permanent kidney develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fate of Mesonephric Tubules in Females :

A

1) Majority degenerate with their glomeruli
2) Some persist and give rise to ego epoophoron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define epoophoron :

A

Non functional remnants and Clinically it may give rise to a local paraovarian cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fate of Mesonephric tubules in Males :

A

1) Majority degenerate with their glomeruli
2) Some persist and give rise to efferent ductules of testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do Mesonephric generally disappear :

A

By the end of second month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fate of Mesonephric duct in females :

A

Mostly degenerated, but its caudal part is often seen in histological sections along the vagina as Gartner’s ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fate of Mesonephric duct in males :

A

Not degenerated and gives rise to ;
a) Body & tail of epididymis
b) Vas deferens
c) Seminal vesicle
d) Ejaculatory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In both male& female;The caudal part of the mesonephric ducts open into ……………….

A

Cloaca = urogenital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does the metanephros begin to develop? And what time does it start to function ?

A

Time of development : fifth week
Time of functioning : four weeks later ( 9th week )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the sources the The permenant kidney come from ?

A

Mesonephric cap and ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Metanephric cap arise from ……………………….. And form ………………….

A

Caudal part of intermediate mesoderm , Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ureteric bud arise from ………………………….. and forms ……………………….

A

Mesonephric duct close to the cloacal opening / ureters , renal pelvis , major and minor calyces , collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mention the correct arrangement of nephron development beginning from the ureteric bud .

A

Ureteric bud touches the the metanephric cap —> division of metanephric cap into metanephric vesicles —> these vesicles elongate to form metanephric tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
About Metanephric vesicles :
Small masses that surround the distal end of each ureteric bud division
26
About metanephric tubules :
Elongate from metanephric vesicles and each has two ends : 1) One end which forms bowman’s capsule THEN it is invaginate by capillaries arise from dorsal aorta forming the glomerulus 2) Other end THEN it opens into the corresponding collecting tubules These tubules differentiate into proximal and distal convoluted tubules and Henle’s loop
27
Mention the position changing of the kidneys :
Lies in pelvis ( Pelvic position ) —- > ASCENDS downward AND ROTATES 90 medially ( Lumber position )
28
Kidneys in the pelvic position :
1) CONCAVE BORDER facing anteriorly ( Ventrally ) And CONVEX BORDER facing dorsally 2) The kidneys are lobulated 3) Its blood supply from the pelvic vessels mainly common iliac arteries
29
Kidneys in lumber position :
1) CONCAVE BORDER becomes medial and CONVEX BORDER becomes lateral 2) The kidneys are loses its lobulation and becomes smooth 3) Its blood supply from abdominal aorta
30
Why do the kidneys ascends and rotate ?
1) Elongation of ureters 2) decrease body curvature 3) Growth of lumbar and sacral regions
31
Why do the kidneys become smooth ?
Due to growth of nephrons
32
Mention the congenital renal anomalies :
1) Unilateral renal agenesis 2) Renal hypoplasia 3) Horseshoe kidney 4) Ectopic kidneys 5) Malrotated kidneys 6) Congenital polycystic kidney
33
Define Unilateral renal agenesis and mention the cause .
Definition : Only one kidney is developed and the other one is abscent Causes : 1) Failure of development of metanephric cap 2) No touch between it and the ureteric bud
34
Define Renal hypoplasia :
Small sized kidneys
35
Define horseshoe kidney :
The inferior poles of the kidneys are fused together with limited ascent
36
Where are most ectopic kidneys located ?
Pelvis
37
Define malrotated kidneys :
The hilum faces anteriorly , posteriorly or laterally instead of medially
38
Define congenital polycystic kidneys and mention the cause :
Definition : Both kidneys contain many hundreds of small cysts which result in renal insufficiency Cause : Failure of union between the developing convoluted tubules and collecting tubules / wide dilation of parts of the nephrons
39
Developmental source of ureters :
Ureteric bud
40
Mention the development steps of ureters :
Lower end of mesonephric duct and near its entrance in cloaca —> Ureteric bud —> touching with the cap ——> upper end of the bud dilates and divides repeatedly to form renal pelvis , major and minor calyces and collecting ducts
41
Mention the developmental anomalies of ureters :
1) Duplication of the ureters 2) Ectopic Ureters
42
Why does ureters duplication happen ?
Division of the ureteric bud
43
Where do ectopic ureters in males open?
1) the neck of the bladder 2) prosthetic part of the urethra
44
Where do ectopic ureters in females open?
Bladder neck , urethra and vagina
45
Define Cloaca :
The caudal part of the hindgut derived from the endoderm
46
What are the divisions of cloaca ? And divided by what ?
Divided into Recto-anal canal ( Posterior part ) and Urogenital sinus ( Anterior part ) by urorectal septum
47
About The urogenital sinus :
Receives the opening of two mesonephric ducts , and divides into Vesicourethral portion And definitive urogenital sinus then this vesicourethral portion divides into pelvic part and phallic part
48
Mucosal development of urinary bladder :
Endodermal source : from vesicourethral portion of the urogenital sinus ( except for the trigone and the musculosa ) Mesodermal source : caudal part of mesonephric ducts give rise to the trigone Adjacent splanchnic Mesodermal source ( mesoderm that surround the gut tube ) : the muscular layer of the urinary bladder
49
About Urachus : ( Definition and fate )
Definition : unabsorbed part of Allantois Fate : After birth , it becomes completely obliterated and forms Median umbilical ligament ( Psses from the bladder apex to the umbilicus )
50
Congenital anomalies of the bladder :
1) Exstrophy of the bladder ( Ectopic vesical ) 2) Urethral anomalies ( Cyst , sinus , fistula )
51
Talk about Exstrophy of the bladder :
It happens when the mesoderm fails to develop the musculature of the infra-abdominal region of anterior abdominal wall AND the anterior wall of the bladder . It is associated with exposure of the urinary bladder mucosa to the outside
52
About Urachal fistula :
The entire Urachus remains patent with subsequent discharge of the urine through the umbilicus
53
About Urachal sinus :
The proximal or the distal parts of the Urachus remains patent and when it is distal , it opens in the umbilicus
54
About Urachal cyst :
Isolated part of Urachus remains patent and the lining epithelium secret fluid
55
Development of male urethra :
Prosthetic Urethra : A) Mesodermal source;absorped part of mesonephric duct B) Endodermal source;Vesicourethral portion and pelvic part of urogenital sinus Mambranous Urethra : Pelvic part of urogenital sinus ( Endoderm ) Penile Urethra : Phallic portion of urogenital sinus ( Endoderm ) AND Migrating ectodermal cells ( Ectoderm ) Note : the ectoderm is for the part of urethra inside the glans penis
56
Steps of penile urethra development:
1) Formation of urethral plate 2) Formation of urethral groove 3) Formation of urethral canal ( Margins of the urethral groove unite to form this canal ) 4) A solid cord of ectodermal cells extends from the tip of the glans till it meets the endodermal penile urethra. It is then canalized
57
Developmental sources of female urethra :
1) Vesico-urethral canal (mainly). 2) Definitive urogenital sinus.
58
Mention the congenital anomalies of the urethra :
1) Hypospadius 2) Epispadius
59
Why do hypospedias happen ?
These defects result in failure of canalization of the ectodermal cord in the glans and/or failure of fusion of the urethral folds.
60
Mention the two types of hypospedias :
1) Glanular hypospedias : The external urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the glans of the penis 2) Penile hypospadias : The external urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the body of the penis
61

Genitourinary System (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions