Embryology 2

Question 1

Define vasculogenesis?

Answer 1

Defined as the new formation of a primitive vascular network

Question 2

Define angiogenesis?

Answer 2

Defined as the growth of new vesssels from pre-existing blood vessels

Question 3

Vitelline system supplies what?

Answer 3

Yolk sac

Question 4

Cardinal system supplies what?

Answer 4

Body wall

Question 5

Umbilical system supplies what?

Answer 5

Placenta

Question 6

What develops during 4&5th week?

Answer 6

Pharyngeal arches

Question 7

What is the fate of arch 1+2?

Answer 7

Maxillary arteries

Question 8

What is the fate of arch 3?

Answer 8

Common carotid and first part of internal carotid arteries

Question 9

What is the fate of left side of arch 4?

Answer 9

Arch of aorta (distal portion)

Question 10

What is the fate of the right side of arch 4?

Answer 10

Right subclavian atery

Question 11

What is the fate of the left side of arch 6?

Answer 11

Left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

Question 12

What is the fate of the right arch 6?

Answer 12

Right pulmonary artery

Question 13

Where do most defects arise from?

Answer 13

Persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress or regression of arches that normally shouldnt.

Question 14

What forms during double aortic arch

Answer 14

Vascular ring around trachea and esophagus

Question 15

What is patent ductus arteriosis?

Answer 15

condition wherein the ductus arteriosis fails to close after birth

Question 16

What symptoms can be seen in PDA?

Answer 16

Increased work of breathing

poor weight gain

Question 17

What can PDA lead to if not untreated?

Answer 17

congestive heart failure

Question 18

What is coarctication of the aorta?

Answer 18

Congenital condition where aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus inserts

Question 19

What is the fate of vitelline arteries?

Answer 19

1. Celiac artery
2. Superior mesenteric artery
3. Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 20

What is superior mesenteric artery providing?

Answer 20

Midgut

Question 21

What happens to umbilical arteries afterbirth?

Answer 21

Proximal portion= Persists as interal iliac and superior vesical branches
Distal portion=degenerates to form obliteral umbilical arteries & forms medial umbilical ligaments

Question 22

What do vitelline veins drain?

Answer 22

yolk sac

Question 23

What happens to right umbilical vein?

Answer 23

-Degenerates completely

Question 24

What happens to left umbilical vein?

Answer 24

-Obliterates and forms ligamentum teres of adult liver

Question 25

What happens to the ductus venosus?

Answer 25

Obliterates and forms ligamentum venosum

Question 26

What is the fate of the cardinal veins?

Answer 26

Form Vena Cava (system by anastomosis) among the veins

Question 27

Name some abnormalities of venous system?

Answer 27

Double IVC Abscence of IVC Left SVC Double SVC

Question 28

When does lymphatic system develop?

Answer 28

End of sixth week around main veins

Question 29

How many primary lymph sacs develop at the end of embryonic period?

Answer 29

six

Question 30

What are the three important vascular structures in the transitional circulation?

Answer 30

- Ductus venousus - Oval foramen - Ductus arteriosis

Question 31

What does the ductus venousus do?

Answer 31

Shunts left umbilical vein blood flow directly to IVC; allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver

Question 32

What does the oval foramen do?

Answer 32

Allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right (bypass lungs)

Question 33

What does the ductus arteriosis do?

Answer 33

Allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricles to bypass lungs

Question 34

What does the ductus venosus become?

Answer 34

Ligamentum venosum

Question 35

What is patent ductus arteriosus associated with?

Answer 35

Maternal rubella infection -early pregnancy

Question 36

What is the cause of patent ductus arteriosis

Answer 36

Failure of muscular wall to contract, respiratory distress syndrome and lack of surfactant in the lungs