Embryology Flashcards
(143 cards)
the heart and great vessels come from what cell line?
the mesenchymal cells in the cardiogenic area
at what point do vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, blood vessel development begin?
at the beginning of the 3rd week
where does vasculogenesis and angiogenesis happen?
in the extraembryonic mesoderm of the yolk sac, allantosis and chorion
how does the heart tube form?
2 endothelial-lined channels, known as the endocardial heart tubes, fused together to form the heart tube
by the end of the 3rd week what does the primoridal CVS look like?
the heart is represented by the heart tubes and is joined by blood vessels from the embryo and extraembryonic membrane
What 4 main segments compose the inferior vena cava?
- hepatic segment; from the hepatic vein and sinusoids. 2. prerenal segment; from the right subcardinal veins. 3. renal segment; from the subcardinal supra anastomosis 4. post-renal; from the right supracardinal vein.
what germ layer forms the excretory organs?
mesoderm
what germ layer forms the glands opening into the GI tract?
endoderm
what germ layer forms the glandular cells o the liver and and pancreas?
endoderm
what germ layer forms the lining of the GI tract?
endoderm
what remnants persist after the joining of the embryonic palantine processes and is located in the soft palate>
the palantine raphe
the embryonic ductus venosus become what after birth?
ligamentum venosum
the embryonic umbilical vein become what after birth?
ligamentum teres
the embryonic umbilical arteries become what after birth?
umbilical ligament
from what does the aorta and pulmonary trunk develop?
a. bulbar ridges fuse and become an aorti-copulmonary septum. b. this then divides the bulbus cordis and the truncus arteriosis into two arterial channels. c. these two channels become the aorta and the pulmonary tree.
The aorta and the pulmonary truck are formed when in gestation
between week 5 and 6
At what point can a fetal heart beat be detected by a doppler heart monitor?
7 weeks after the last known menstrual period, aka 5 weeks in fertilization terms.
Fetal circulation happens in what order?
The umbilical vein delivers oxygenated blood. After bypassing the liver, the blood moves from the ductus venosus into the IVC and the right atrium. It enters the left atrium and ventricle through the foramen ovale. It enters the pulmonary trunk at the same time via the ductus arteriosis. After it enters the lung and the peripheral body through the aorta, it is passed back to the placenta thanks to the umbilical arteries.
The embryonic foramen ovale become what after birth?
fossa ovalis
the embryonic ductus arteriosis becomes what after birth?
ligamentum arteriosum
what forms the atria?
the separation into the right and left of the primitive sinuatrium or septum primum.
the fusion of the endocardial and atroventricular cushions posteriorly and anteriorly forms what?
the tricuspid and mitral inlets which become the AV valves.
what does the interventricular foramen result in?
by the end of week 7 it closes resulting in the interventricular septum.
from what tissue does the hypothalamus develop?
ectodermal tissue (on day 32 the hypothalamic sulcus develops from the diencephalon)