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Embryology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

truncus arteriosius

A

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

bulbous cordis

A

smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

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3
Q

primitive atria

A

trabeculated part of left and right atria

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4
Q

primitive ventricle

A

trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

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5
Q

primitive pulmonary vein

A

smooth part of left atrium

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6
Q

left horn of sinus venosus (SV)

A

coronary sinus

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7
Q

right horn of SV

A

smooth part of right atrium

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8
Q

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

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9
Q

umbilical vein

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

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10
Q

umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical ligament

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11
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

ductus venosus

A

ligamentum venosum

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13
Q

foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

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14
Q

allantois

A

urachus-median umbilical ligament

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15
Q

notochord

A

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

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16
Q

kidney embryology

A

pronephros (wk 4)–> mesonephros (1st trimester, contributes to male genital system)–> metanephros (permanent, ureteric buds, metenephric mesenchyme)

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17
Q

ureteric bud

A
  • derived from caudal end of mesonephric duct

- gives rise to: ureter, pelvises, calyces, collecting duct

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18
Q

metanephric mesenchyme

A
  • interacts w/ ureteric bud

- formation of glomerulus through distal convoluted tubule

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19
Q

1st aortic arch

A 
maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)
"1st arch is MAXimal"
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20
Q

2nd aortic arch

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

“Second=Stapedial”

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21
Q

3rd aortic arch

A

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery
-“C is the 3rd letter of the alphabet”

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22
Q

4th aortic arch

A

left: aortic arch
right: proximal part of right subclavian artery

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23
Q

6th aortic arch

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (left only)

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24
Q

Branchial apparatus derivatives

A

branchial clefts: ectoderm
branchial arches: mesoderm
branchial pouches: endoderm

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25
1st cleft
external auditory meatus
26
2nd-4th cleft
temporary cervical sinuses (obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme)
27
1st pouch
middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
28
2nd pouch
epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
29
3rd pouch
dorsal wings: inferior parathyroids | ventral wings: thymus
30
4th pouch
dorsal wings: superior parathyroid
31
1st branchial arch
cartilage: meckel cartilage (mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament) muscles: muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids), mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensory tympani, tensor veli palantini nerves: V2 and V3 Treacher Collins sysndrome: 1st arch failes to migrate--> madibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities "M's & T's"
32
2nd branchial arch
cartilage: stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament muscles: muscles of facial expression (stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma, belly of digastric) nerves: CN VII (facial)
33
3rd branchial arch
cartilage: greater horn of hyoid muscles: sylopharyngeus nerve: CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
34
4th-6th branchial arches
cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform muscles: 4th (pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini), 6th (all intrinsic muslces of larynx except cricothyroid) nerves: 4th (CN X-superior laryngeal branch), 6th (CN X-recurrent laryngeal branch)
35
branchial arch derviatives mnemonic
"When at the restaurant of the golden ARCHES, children tend to first CHEW (1), then SMILE (2), then SWALLOW STYLishly (3) or SIMPLY SWALLOW (4), and then SPEAK (6)
36
paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct
develops into female internal structures | -fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portion of vagina
37
mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
develops into internal male structures (except prostate) | -seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
38
Genital tubercle | glans penis
glans clitoris
39
Genital tubercle | corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
vestibular bulbs
40
``` Urogenital sinus bulbourethral glands (of Cowper) ```
greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin)
41
Urogenital sinus | prostate gland
urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)
42
Urogenital folds | ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
labia minora
43
Labioscrotal swelling | scrotum
labia majora
44
Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) | anchors testes w/in scrotum
ovarian ligament + round ligament uterus
45
``` Processus vaginalis (evagination of peritoneum) forms tunica vaginalis ```
obliterated
46
failed involution of urachus
drainage of urine from umbilicus
47
failed involution of vitelline (omaphalomesenteric) duct
drainage of meconium from umbilicus
48
22q11 syndrome
truncus arteriosus, tetrology of Fallot
49
Down syndrome
ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)
50
Congenital rubella
septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis
51
Turner syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta (preductal)
52
Marfan syndrome
MVP, thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, aortic regurgitation
53
Infant of diabetic mother
transposition of great vessels
54
forebrain (prosencephalon)
telencephalon | diencephalon
55
midbrain
mesencephalon
56
hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
metencephalon | myelencephalon
57
telencephalon
cerebral hemispheres | lateral ventricles
58
diencephalon
thalamus | third ventricle
59
mesencephalon
midbrain | aqueduct
60
metencehalon
pons upper part of fourth ventricle cerebellum
61
myelencephalon
medulla | lower part of fourth ventricle
62
agenesis
absent organ due to absent primordial tissue
63
aplasia
absent organ despite presence of primordial tissue
64
hypoplasia
incomplete organ development; primordial tissue pressent
65
deformation
extrinsic disruption; occurs after the embryonic period
66
disruption
secondary breakdown of previously normal tissue or structure
67
malformation
intrinsic disruption; occurs during embryonic period (weeks 3-8)
68
sequence
abnormalities result from single primary embryological event | ex: oligohydramnios--> Potter sequence

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