Embryology

Question 1

Develops into esophagus to upper duodenum

Answer 1

Foregut

Question 2

Develops into lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Answer 2

Midgut

Question 3

Develops into distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

Answer 3

Hindgut

Question 4

Physiologic midgut herniates through umbilical ring at what week

Answer 4

6th week

Question 5

Midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

Answer 5

10th week

Question 6

Amount of degrees midgut rotates around SMA when returning to abdominal cavity in 10th week of development

Answer 6

270 degrees

Question 7

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds and not covered by peritoneum or amnion

Answer 7

Gastroschisis

Question 8

Persistent herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

Answer 8

Omphalocele

Question 9

Incomplete closure of umbilical ring - many close spontaneously

Answer 9

Congenital umbilical hernia

Question 10

Failure of rostral fold closure leads to what defects

Answer 10

Sternal defects like ectopia cordis

Question 11

Failure of lateral fold closure leads to what defects

Answer 11

Omphalocele and gastrochisis

Question 12

Failure of caudal fold closure leads to what defects

Answer 12

bladder exstrophy

Question 13

Most common type of tracheoesophageal anomaly

Answer 13

EA with distal TEF

Question 14

CXR finding in pure EA

Answer 14

Gasless abdomen on CXR

Question 15

Consequence of EA or TEF in utero

Answer 15

Polyhydramnios

Question 16

Symptoms in neonates with EA with distal TEF or TEF

Answer 16

Drool, choke and vomit with first feeding

Question 17

Effect of TEF on stomach

Answer 17

Allows air to enter stomach

Question 18

Presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distention within first 1-2 days of life

Answer 18

Intestinal atresia

Question 19

Trisomy associated with duodenal atresia

Answer 19

Down syndrome

Question 20

X-ray finding of duodenal atresia

Answer 20

Double bubble - dilated stomach and proximal duodenum

Question 21

Cause of duodenal atresia

Answer 21

Failure of duodenum to recanalize

Question 22

Mechanism for jejunal and ileal atresia

Answer 22

Disruption of mesenteric vessels causes ischemic necrosis and segmental bowel resorption

Question 23

Finding on imaging indication jejunal and ileal atresia

Answer 23

Apple peel or bowel discontinuity

Question 24

Most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants

Answer 24

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 25

Presents with palpable olive-shaped mass in epigastric region, visible peristaltic waves, and non-bilious projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks old

Answer 25

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 26

Population more commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 26

Boys

Question 27

Antibiotic that is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 27

Macrolides

Question 28

Consequence of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 28

Hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 29

Treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 29

Pyloromyotomy

Question 30

Embryologic structure pancreas derived from

Answer 30

Foregut

Question 31

Contributes to uncinate process and main pancreatic duct

Answer 31

Ventral pancreatic buds

Question 32

Becomes the body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic bud

Answer 32

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Question 33

Contributes to formation of pancreatic head

Answer 33

Dorsal and Ventral pancreatic buds

Question 34

Anomaly where ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum forming a ring of tissue

Answer 34

Annular pancreas

Question 35

Consequence of annular pancreas

Answer 35

Can cause duodenal narrowing and vomiting

Question 36

Common anomaly in which the ventral and dorsal pancreatic parts fail to fuse that is mostly asymptomatic

Answer 36

Pancreas divisum

Question 37

Consequence of pancreas divisum

Answer 37

Chronic abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis

Question 38

Organ that arises from mesentery of stomach but has foregut supply

Answer 38

Spleen

Question 39

Blood supply to spleen

Answer 39

Splenic artery

Question 40

Splenic artery branches of what artery

Answer 40

Celiac trunk