Embryology Flashcards Preview

LCRS Y2: Reproduction, development and Ageing > Embryology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Embryology Deck (30)
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1
Q

Recall the 4 cellular processes at work in embryological development

A

Proliferation
Differentiation
Reorganisation
Apoptosis

2
Q

Recall the 3 stages of renal development in utero

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

3
Q

Describe the location of kidneys as they develop

A

Ascend into the abdomen as they develop

4
Q

What is significant about the mesonephros pre-kidney structure?

A

This is where the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts develop, that will eventually differentiate into the genital ducts

5
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the kidneys during embryonic development

A

Has to form and degenerate and reform as kidneys develop as they move up abdomen

6
Q

Where do the gonads originate from embryologically?

A

Intermediate mesdoerm

7
Q

What are the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts?

A

Mesonephric = future wolffian ducts Paramesonephric = future uterine tubes, uterus and cervix

8
Q

At which week of development do the reproductive systems of male and female embryos begin to differ?

A

8/9

9
Q

Recall the 2 hormones that are produced in the presence of the SRY gene

A

DHT

Anti-mullerian hormone

10
Q

What is the developmental function of DHT?

A

Supports development of Wolffian ducts

11
Q

What is the Wolffian duct?

A

Duct that gives rise to male reproductive tract

12
Q

Where is anti-Mullerian hormone produced?

A

Sertoli cells

13
Q

What is the developmental function of anti-mullerian hormone?

A

Causes regression of paramesonephric ducts

14
Q

Where does heart development begin?

A

Outside the embryo proper

15
Q

Describe the first 21 days of heart development

A

First 2 tubes are formed, these fuse at day 21 to produce a single tube which can pump blood unidirectionally

16
Q

Where is the foramen ovale located?

A

Between atria

17
Q

What does the foramen ovale bypass in the foetus?

A

Right ventricle + therefore pulmonary circulation

18
Q

Where is the ductus arteriosus located?

A

Right ventricle and aorta

19
Q

What is the Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Aorta and RV connected causing transposition of vessels

20
Q

Recall 3 features of the tetralogy of fallot?

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. RV thickening
  3. Ventricular septal defect
21
Q

Recall the 5 stages of lung development

A
Embryonic
Pseudoglandular
Cannalicular
Saccular
Alveolar
22
Q

In which trimester is surfactant produced and why is this significant?

A

3rd

Prem babies have lung problems

23
Q

What is a genetic mosaicism?

A

Meiotic non-disjunction causing different cells within the body to have non-identical genetic makeup

24
Q

What is the most likely cause of spina bifida?

A

Folic acid deficiency

25
Q

Recall 3 severities of spina bifida

A

Only a spot of hair seen = SB occulta
Slight herniation = meningocele
Significant protrusion of meninges = myelomeningocele

26
Q

When does the malformation occur in spina bifida and what is the problem?

A

Around 4 weeks

Faulty neuralation

27
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

Connection between the mouth and nasal cavity

28
Q

Recall 4 infectious agents that are common teratogens

A

Rubella
Syphilllis
HIV
HSV

29
Q

Summarise how illicit drug use can affect the embryo

A
Addiction once baby is born
SIDS
Seizures
Respiratory problems
Mental retardation
Pre-term deliver risk
LBW
Learning difficulties
30
Q

Recall 3 symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome

A

Distinctive facial features
Brain abnormalities
Cognitive defects