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DBCS Embryology > Embryology I > Flashcards

Embryology I Flashcards

1
Q

Phase of reproduction where two haploid sex cells fuse What do they form?

A

Fertilization

Zygote

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2
Q

The vaginal canal is BASIC/ACIDIC

Prostate gland produces alkanine or acidic sustenances for the semen to protect it?

A

Acidic

Alkaline

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3
Q

In addition to mature, fully motile sperm and unobstructed female reproductive tract, 2 other things are required for successful fertilization

A

Capacitation

Acrosome Reaction

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4
Q

This is the process in fertilization tha ttallows sperm to become mobile enough to attach to cells on the oocyte

It happens in where?

A

Capacitation

Uterine Tube

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5
Q

This is a group of cells surrounding the oocyte, plays a role in the binding of sperm (it’s the epithelium it binds to)

A

Corona Radiata

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6
Q

Before sperm can bind to the corona radiata, the top layers of the _____ of sperm are taken away via the sperm attaching to the…

A

Epididymis of sperm

Attaches to the epithelium of the fallopian tube

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7
Q

During fertilization, after the sperm binds to the epithelium of the fallopian tube and sheds the epididymis, what effect does it have on the sperm?

A

The cell becomes highly motile, allowing it to bind to cells on the oocyte

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8
Q

What adhesion molecules play a role in capacitation?

A

E-Cadherins and integrins

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9
Q

This covers the sperm, and when it breaks down, it releases enzymes for breakdown of ____ allowing the sperm to fuse with enzymes of the egg

This whole process is called the

A

Acrosome Cap

Zonapellucida, ECM

Acrosome reaction

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10
Q

This part of the oocyte hydrolyzes sperm receptors, inactivating so no other sperm can penetrate once one already has

A

Cortical Granules

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11
Q

This is the word used to describe a cell that can differentiate into any cell or extraembryonic structure in our body

A

Totipotent

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12
Q

This is the term used to describe a cell that is capable of differentiating into several cell types, or any embryonic structure

A

Pluripotent

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13
Q

This is the period that begins with 24 hours after fertilization, the newly created diploid cell begins dividing

A

Cleavage

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14
Q

This forms 3-4 days after fertilization, it is a solid ball of cells

A

Morula

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15
Q

This forms 5-6 days after fertilization, it has an inner cell mass, tropho blast, and a cavity

A

Blastocyst

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16
Q

In the blastocyst, this is the outer ring of cells

It forms the _____ contribution to the placenta

A

Trophoblast

Embryonic

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17
Q

This is the innter cluster of cells that forms the embryo in the blastocyst

A

Embryoblast

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18
Q

Are cells totipotent or pluripotent in the embryoblast?

A

Pluripotent

19
Q

This is the fluid filled space in the blastocyst that lies between trophoblast and embryoblast

A

Blastocyst Cavity

20
Q

During week 1 of reproduction, the blastocyst implants into the functional layer of the ________

A

Endometrium

21
Q

What adhesion molecules are important for binding of blastocyst to the uterine wall?

A

Integrins

22
Q

Once the blastocyst is bound to the uterine wall, what divides to further penetrate into the endometrial tissue?

A

Trophoblast

23
Q

During weeks 1-2, the trophoblast differentiates into 2 different layers..

A

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

24
Q

During weeks 1-2, this is the inner layer of the trophoblast in a developing embryo

A

Cytotrophoblast

25
Q

During weeks 1-2 of reproduction, this is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi

A

Syncytiotriphoblast

26
Q

During weeks 1-2, lakes of blood surround the ___________, allow it to continue to grow and fuse even furtehr into maternal embryonic tissues

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

27
Q

This is the hormone secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast until the maternal tissues produce enough progesterone

A

HCG

28
Q

During week 2, the embryoblast (bilaminar germ dis) starts epithelizing into…

A

Epiblast and Hypoblast

29
Q

During week 2, epiblast cells differentiate to create the…

Note: Epiblast later becomes human tissues

A

Amniotic Cavity

30
Q

During week two, the hypoblast also moves out like the epiblast, and line the cytotrophoblast to form the….

A

Yolk Sac

31
Q

During week 2 (10-13 days), the hypoblast tissue continues to move out and create this connective tissue, between the hypoblast and cytotrophoblast

A

Mesoderm

32
Q

During week 2 (10-13 days) this is generated from tiny spaces in the mesoderm

A

Chorionic Cavity

33
Q

During 12-13 days, the yolk sac pinches off, becomes ______

The epiblast cells create the ________

The ______ surrounds everything, but there is a huge cavity

The amniotic cavity starts to become _______

A

Secondary Yolk sac

Amniotic Membrane

Extraembryonic mesoderm, (connective tissue)

Human tissues

34
Q

So in sum of second week…..

A
35
Q

During week three, the most important event in your life occurs

A

Gastrulation

36
Q

What appears during the third week?

On what end of the embryo do cells cluster within the amniotic cavity to form it?

A

Primitive streak

Caudal

37
Q

Why is the primitive streak important for gastrulation?

A

It establishes axes (caudal/cranial) (left and right) (anterior and posterior

38
Q

To form the primitive streak, what type of cells migrate at the midline?

A

Epiblast

39
Q

After establishment of the primitive streak within the amniotic cavity, which is ventral, the amniotic cavity or the yolk sac?

A

Yolk sac is ventral, amniotic cavity is dorsal

40
Q

When epiblast cells migrate to the primitive streak, the cell detach, invaginate and replace the _______ to form the ________

Further migrating cells differentiate and form the

A

Hypoblast to form the endoderm

Mesoderm

41
Q

When epiblast cells migrate to the primitive streak, what occurs

Why?

A

Epithelio-mesenchyme transition

Mesenchyme can move, lots of fluid allowing it to

42
Q

During the epithelio-mesenchymal transition, the remaining epiblast cells that didn’t migrate to form the

A

Ectoderm

43
Q

Once the 3 germ layers are formed during gastrulation, the cells are no longer….

But they are..

A

Pluripotent

Multipotent

DBCS Embryology (3 decks)

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