Embryology I

Question 1

Phase of reproduction where two haploid sex cells fuse What do they form?

Answer 1

Fertilization

Zygote

Question 2

The vaginal canal is BASIC/ACIDIC

Prostate gland produces alkanine or acidic sustenances for the semen to protect it?

Answer 2

Acidic

Alkaline

Question 3

In addition to mature, fully motile sperm and unobstructed female reproductive tract, 2 other things are required for successful fertilization

Answer 3

Capacitation

Acrosome Reaction

Question 4

This is the process in fertilization tha ttallows sperm to become mobile enough to attach to cells on the oocyte

It happens in where?

Answer 4

Capacitation

Uterine Tube

Question 5

This is a group of cells surrounding the oocyte, plays a role in the binding of sperm (it’s the epithelium it binds to)

Answer 5

Corona Radiata

Question 6

Before sperm can bind to the corona radiata, the top layers of the _____ of sperm are taken away via the sperm attaching to the…

Answer 6

Epididymis of sperm

Attaches to the epithelium of the fallopian tube

Question 7

During fertilization, after the sperm binds to the epithelium of the fallopian tube and sheds the epididymis, what effect does it have on the sperm?

Answer 7

The cell becomes highly motile, allowing it to bind to cells on the oocyte

Question 8

What adhesion molecules play a role in capacitation?

Answer 8

E-Cadherins and integrins

Question 9

This covers the sperm, and when it breaks down, it releases enzymes for breakdown of ____ allowing the sperm to fuse with enzymes of the egg

This whole process is called the

Answer 9

Acrosome Cap

Zonapellucida, ECM

Acrosome reaction

Question 10

This part of the oocyte hydrolyzes sperm receptors, inactivating so no other sperm can penetrate once one already has

Answer 10

Cortical Granules

Question 11

This is the word used to describe a cell that can differentiate into any cell or extraembryonic structure in our body

Answer 11

Totipotent

Question 12

This is the term used to describe a cell that is capable of differentiating into several cell types, or any embryonic structure

Answer 12

Pluripotent

Question 13

This is the period that begins with 24 hours after fertilization, the newly created diploid cell begins dividing

Answer 13

Cleavage

Question 14

This forms 3-4 days after fertilization, it is a solid ball of cells

Answer 14

Morula

Question 15

This forms 5-6 days after fertilization, it has an inner cell mass, tropho blast, and a cavity

Answer 15

Blastocyst

Question 16

In the blastocyst, this is the outer ring of cells

It forms the _____ contribution to the placenta

Answer 16

Trophoblast

Embryonic

Question 17

This is the innter cluster of cells that forms the embryo in the blastocyst

Answer 17

Embryoblast

Question 18

Are cells totipotent or pluripotent in the embryoblast?

Answer 18

Pluripotent

Question 19

This is the fluid filled space in the blastocyst that lies between trophoblast and embryoblast

Answer 19

Blastocyst Cavity

Question 20

During week 1 of reproduction, the blastocyst implants into the functional layer of the ________

Answer 20

Endometrium

Question 21

What adhesion molecules are important for binding of blastocyst to the uterine wall?

Answer 21

Integrins

Question 22

Once the blastocyst is bound to the uterine wall, what divides to further penetrate into the endometrial tissue?

Answer 22

Trophoblast

Question 23

During weeks 1-2, the trophoblast differentiates into 2 different layers..

Answer 23

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

Question 24

During weeks 1-2, this is the inner layer of the trophoblast in a developing embryo

Answer 24

Cytotrophoblast

Question 25

During weeks 1-2 of reproduction, this is the epithelial covering of the highly vascular embryonic placental villi

Answer 25

Syncytiotriphoblast

Question 26

During weeks 1-2, lakes of blood surround the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, allow it to continue to grow and fuse even furtehr into maternal embryonic tissues

Answer 26

Syncytiotrophoblast

Question 27

This is the hormone secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast until the maternal tissues produce enough progesterone

Answer 27

HCG

Question 28

During week 2, the embryoblast (bilaminar germ dis) starts epithelizing into...

Answer 28

Epiblast and Hypoblast

Question 29

During week 2, epiblast cells differentiate to create the... Note: Epiblast later becomes human tissues

Answer 29

Amniotic Cavity

Question 30

During week two, the hypoblast also moves out like the epiblast, and line the cytotrophoblast to form the....

Answer 30

Yolk Sac

Question 31

During week 2 (10-13 days), the hypoblast tissue continues to move out and create this connective tissue, between the hypoblast and cytotrophoblast

Answer 31

Mesoderm

Question 32

During week 2 (10-13 days) this is generated from tiny spaces in the mesoderm

Answer 32

Chorionic Cavity

Question 33

During 12-13 days, the yolk sac pinches off, becomes \_\_\_\_\_\_ The epiblast cells create the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The ______ surrounds everything, but there is a huge cavity The amniotic cavity starts to become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

Secondary Yolk sac Amniotic Membrane Extraembryonic mesoderm, (connective tissue) Human tissues

Question 34

So in sum of second week.....

Answer 34

Question 35

During week three, the most important event in your life occurs

Answer 35

Gastrulation

Question 36

What appears during the third week? On what end of the embryo do cells cluster within the amniotic cavity to form it?

Answer 36

Primitive streak Caudal

Question 37

Why is the primitive streak important for gastrulation?

Answer 37

It establishes axes (caudal/cranial) (left and right) (anterior and posterior

Question 38

To form the primitive streak, what type of cells migrate at the midline?

Answer 38

Epiblast

Question 39

After establishment of the primitive streak within the amniotic cavity, which is ventral, the amniotic cavity or the yolk sac?

Answer 39

Yolk sac is ventral, amniotic cavity is dorsal

Question 40

When epiblast cells migrate to the primitive streak, the cell detach, invaginate and replace the _______ to form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Further migrating cells differentiate and form the

Answer 40

Hypoblast to form the endoderm Mesoderm

Question 41

When epiblast cells migrate to the primitive streak, what occurs Why?

Answer 41

Epithelio-mesenchyme transition Mesenchyme can move, lots of fluid allowing it to

Question 42

During the epithelio-mesenchymal transition, the remaining epiblast cells that didn't migrate to form the

Answer 42

Ectoderm

Question 43

Once the 3 germ layers are formed during gastrulation, the cells are no longer.... But they are..

Answer 43

Pluripotent Multipotent