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DBCS Embryology > Embryology II > Flashcards

Embryology II Flashcards

1
Q

At this point in the picture, what happens to the cells on top of the epiblast?

At this point in the picture, what happens to the cells that remain of the epiblast?

A

Cells on top detach, migrate, and form the mesenchyme

The remaining cells form the ectoderm

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2
Q

The yellow that is directly under the mesoderm in the picture is from what? Is it from the hypoblast

So then where is the hypoblast?

A

No, it’s from the cells that migrated through the primitive streak

It’s the part that doesn’t directly underlie the mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the migrating mesoderm (the red in the picture) become?

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

The black boundary in the middle is also formed from migrating mesoderm, what structure does it form?

A

The notochord

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5
Q

In the picture, the mesoderm that migrates along either side of the notochord is called the…

A

Paraxial Mesoderm

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6
Q

In the picture below, what are I and S? Also note the location of the lateral plate mesoderm

Also, what is the space above the blue line?

A
  1. I is the lateral plate mesoderm
  2. S is the paraxial mesoderm
  3. The space is the amniotic cavity
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7
Q

What is the blue and the yellow in the picture below?

A
  1. Blue is ectoderm
  2. Yellow is endoderm
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8
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm form most of?

A

The urinary and reproductive system

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9
Q

What is the name for the space that exists because of the split in the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Intraembryonic Coelom

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10
Q

What is the function/purpose of the space between the blue (ectoderm) and the outer intermediate mesoderm?

A

Supports the body wall with muscle and connective tissue

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11
Q

What does the space between the mesoderms, formed by the lateral plate (the intraembryonic coelom) become?

A

Abdominal Cavity

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12
Q

What does the space between the endoderm (yellow) become?

A

Gut Tube

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13
Q

This is the term describing the part of the mesoderm that becomes the body wall

A

Somatopleure

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14
Q

This is the term for the mesoderm that lines the outer part of the gut tube

A

Splanchopleure

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15
Q

Identify the parts in this picture

A
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16
Q

Identify the parts in this picture

A
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17
Q

Identify the colored areas in this picture

A
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18
Q

Which contributes most to the development of the notchord, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm?

A

Mesoderm

19
Q

The notochord defines the ___ axis of the embryo

It induces the development of these two things

A
  1. Defines the primordial axis of embryo
  2. Induces the development of the neural plate
  3. Induces development of axial skeleton
20
Q

What forms around the notochord?

What eventually happens to the notochord?

A

The vertebral column

It regresses and mostly disappears (except for intervertebral discs)

21
Q

The notochord loses its epithelial connection and becomes attached to the..

It then loses it’s epithelial connections once more and what happens ?

A

Endoderm

Cells at the end compact and it becomes a rod (see picture)

22
Q

The paraxial mesoderm forms the….

A

Somites

23
Q
  1. These are the striated muscles of the body wall
  2. They divide into two parts
A

Myotomes

Epimere and hypomere

24
Q
  1. During segmentation, what folds in and creates neural tube?
  2. What is within the neural tube (ventral to neural tube here)
A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Notochord (ventral to NT here)
25
Q

The somites divide into three parts, what are they?

A
  1. Scleratomes
  2. Myotome
  3. Dermatome
26
Q

Which aspect of the somite becomes cartitlage, supportive tissues, vertebrae and ribs

A

Scleratomes

27
Q

Which part of the somite forms muscles of body wall and limbs (trapezius, splenius, lats)

A

Myotomes

28
Q
  1. The myotome divides into two parts, called…
  2. This is the dorsal part of the myotome
  3. This is the ventral part of the myotome
A
  1. Epimere and Hypomere
  2. Epimere
  3. Hypomere
29
Q

This part of the myotome gives rise to the deep back muscles

A

Epimere

30
Q

This part of the myotome forms the ventral muscles and superficial back

A

Hypomere

31
Q

This part of the somite becomes the dermis

A

Dermatomes

32
Q

Identify the lines in this picture

A
33
Q

To form the dermis, the dermatomes join with what?

A

Somatopleure

34
Q

Identify the lines in this picture

A
35
Q

Scleretomes on either side grow towards one another, fuse, surround neural tube, form the…

A

Spinal Vertebrae

36
Q

These divide in half, top and bottoms of different ones fuse with one another, creating ones

Why is this beneficial?

A

Scleratomes

It allows muscles to span vertebrae, creating movement

Also creates space for spinal nerves to travel

37
Q

During neuration, as shown in the picture, what structure is folding out?

What does it form?

A

Ectoderm

Neural plate

38
Q

During neurulation, what forms due to the rising of the lateral plate? The cells get thicker on at basal end but thinner at apical end

A

Neural groove and neural fold

39
Q

At this point in the picture, the ectoderm is well positioned to form the ___ but not the _____

A
  1. Skin
  2. Brain
40
Q
  1. When the neural folds reach eachother, where does fusion begin?
  2. What does this fold and fusion eventually form?
A
  1. In the middle, the fuses away from middle in cranial and caudal direction
  2. Neural Tube
41
Q

What does the neural tube form?

A

CNS and somatic efferent (motor) neurons

42
Q

Within the neural fold, these detach, migrate and become other nervous system processes (afferent neurons, dorsal root ganglia, much of ANS and ganglia, glial cells, many cells in endocrine and other body systems)

A

Neural crest cells

43
Q
A

DBCS Embryology (3 decks)

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