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ANA 202 > Embryology Of Midgut > Flashcards

Embryology Of Midgut Flashcards

1
Q

The midgut elongates to form a __-shaped primary intestinal loop.

A

U

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2
Q

This U-shaped loop is suspended from (anterior or posterior?) abdominal wall by a (short or long?) mesentery and at its apex, it communicates with the ____ through (narrow or wide?) ___/____/_____.

A

posterior

Short

yolk sac

narrow

vitelline duct/vitellointestinal duct/yolk stalk

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3
Q

In adults, the midgut extends from just distal to _________ to junction between the ______________

A

opening of common bile duct in the duodenum

proximal two-third and distal one-third of the transverse colon.

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4
Q

The ______ artery, the artery of midgut, runs _______ through the ____ of the mesentery of the midgut loop.

A

superior mesenteric

postero anteriorly

middle

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5
Q

The superior mesenteric artery divides the midgut loop into two segments:

Prearterial (proximal) segment
Postarterial (distal) segment

The prearterial segment is (cranial or caudal?) and the post arterial segment is (cranial or caudal?) .

A

Cranial

Caudal

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6
Q

The postarterial segment near the apex of midgut loop develops a (small or large ?) ____ shaped diverticulum called the _____ at its _____ border

A

small

conical

cecal bud

antimesenteric

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7
Q

The prearterial segment of midgut loop gives rise to:

1 ____ half of ___

  1. ______
  2. _____, except its ______ part.
A

Distal ; duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum; terminal

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8
Q

The postarterial segment of midgut loop gives rise to:

  1. ____ part of ____
  2. ____
  3. _____
  4. _____ colon
  5. ________ of the transverse colon.
A

Terminal; ileum

Cecum

Appendix

Ascending

Proximal (right) two-third

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9
Q

During the ___ week of IUL, the midgut loop elongates rapidly particularly its __arterial segment.

As a result of rapid _____ loop and ______ at the same time, the abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small to accommodate all the loops of midgut (i.e., intestine).

Consequently, during the ____ week of IUL the loops of midgut (intestine) herniate through ________ to enter into remains of ____ (in the proximal part of umbilical cord). This herniation of intestinal loops through umbilical opening is called _______

A

third

pre

growth of midgut

enlargement of liver

sixth

umbilical opening

extraembryonic celom

physiological umbilical hernia.

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10
Q

The rotation of gut occurs when herniated intestinal loops return back to the abdominal cavity.
T/F

A

T

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11
Q

The rotation of gut not only helps in return of herniated loops back into the abdominal cavity but also helps in establishing definitive relationships of various parts of the intestine.
T/F

A

The rotation of gut not only helps in return of herniated loops back into the abdominal cavity but also helps in establishing definitive relationships of various parts of the intestine. Therefore, students must clearly understand the steps of rotation. The herniated loops of intestine begin to return into the abdominal cavity at the end of the third month of IUL.

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12
Q

The herniated loops of intestine begin to return into the abdominal cavity at the _________ of IUL.

A

end of the third month

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13
Q

Before rotation, the prearterial segment of midgut loop, superior mesenteric artery, and postarterial segment of midgut loop, from above to downward, lie in the ______ plane.

A

vertical (sagittal)

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14
Q

In order to return in the abdominal cavity, the midgut loop undergoes rotation of ____° in ____ direction ____ times.
Thus, there is a total rotation of ___° out of which first 90° rotation occurs within ___ and remaining ___° rotation occurs within the ____

A

90

anticlockwise

Three

270

umbilicus

180; abdominal cavity.

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15
Q

Before return into the abdominal cavity, the prearterial segment of midgut loop undergoes 90° anticlockwise rotation. As a result (as seen from the front), the prearterial segment comes to the ___ and the postarterial segment goes to the ___. The prearterial segment of midgut loop elongates extensively and forms coils of jejunum and ileum, which lie on the ____ side of superior mesenteric artery, outside the abdominal cavity.

A

right

left

right

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16
Q

As these coils of jejunum and ileum ________, the midgut loop undergoes second 90° anticlockwise rotation so that coils of jejunum and ileum pass (behind or infront of?) the superior mesenteric artery. As a result, the duodenum goes (behind or infront of?) the superior mesenteric artery.

A

return to the abdominal cavity

behind

Behind

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17
Q

Lastly when the ____________ it undergoes third 90° anticlockwise rotation. As a result, cecum and an appendix that develop from ____ now come to lie on the ____ side just below the ____.

A

postarterial segment returns to the abdominal cavity

cecal bud

right

liver

18
Q

Ascending colon is formed when cecum descends to ______.

A

right iliac fossa

19
Q

The transverse colon lies (anterior or posterior?) to superior mesenteric artery.

A

Anterior

20
Q

At birth, the cecum is ____ in shape and ____ is attached at its apex.

Later cecal growth results in formation of _____

A

conical

vermiform appendix

two saccules

21
Q

The ___ cecal saccule grows faster than the ___.

As a result, the ___ of the cecum and the ___ of the appendix is pushed towards ___, nearer to _____.

A

right

left

apex; base; left

ileocecal junction

22
Q

in adults, the base of the appendix is attached to _____ wall of the cecum, near the ileocecal junction.

A

posteromedial

23
Q

On the basis of shape of the cecum and site of attachment of appendix, the cecum is classified into following four types

  1. _____ (____) type
  2. ____ (____) type
  3. ____ type (80–90%)
  4. ______ type (4–5%).
A

Conical; fetal

Infantile; quadrate

Normal

Exaggerated

24
Q

Exomphalos or omphalocele

This anomaly results from failure of _____ to ________ from their ______ into _____ during ____-____ week of IUL.

It occurs in ___/___ births and could be associated with ____ and ____ defects.

A

coils of the small intestine

return into abdominal cavity

physiological herniation

extraembryonic celom

sixth to tenth

2.5/10,000

cardiac and neural tube

25
Q

Clinically, omphalocele presents as a _____ protruding from the _____.

This mass contains _____ and is covered by a _____ ____ membrane.

A

rounded mass

umbilicus

coils of the small intestine

transparent amniotic

26
Q

Congenital umbilical hernia:
In this anomaly, there is herniation of abdominal viscera through the _______

Clinically, it presents as a protrusion in the _____.

The contents are covered with ___,____,and_____.

This hernia can be reduced by ______ through the _______.

The size of hernia increases during ___,___,_____ because of ___eased abdominal pressure

A

weak umbilical opening

linea alba

peritoneum, subcuta-neous tissue, and skin

pushing the intestines back into the abdominal cavity

umbilical opening

crying, coughing, and straining

Incr

27
Q

The congenital umbilical hernia gets reduced on its own within __to__years of life.

Therefore, child is subject to surgery only when the hernia stays up to age 2–3 years.

A

2–3

28
Q

Which has a worse prognosis, congenital umbilical hernia or omphalocoele??

A

omphalocoele

29
Q

Which has a genetic basis congenital umbilical hernia or omphalocoele??

A

omphalocoele

30
Q

Omphalocoele Covered by ____,___,____

A

peritoneum, Wharton’s jelly, and amnion

31
Q

Congenital umbilical hernia is Covered by ____,___ ,———

A

peritoneum, subcutaneous tissue, and skin

32
Q

________ occurs when umbilicus fails to close properly

A

Umbilical congenital hernia

33
Q

Gastroschisis: In this anomaly, there is a linear defect in ______ abdominal wall through which abdominal contents herniate out. It occurs ____ to the umbilicus, usually on to the ____.

This defect is produced when ____ folds of embryo fail to fuse with each other around connecting stalk

A

anterior

lateral

right

lateral

34
Q

Vitellointestinal duct doesn’t Normally disappears completely.
T/F

A

F

It does

35
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum
-A (small or large?) part of _____ close to midgut (___) persists and forms the Meckel’s diverticulum.

-It may be connected to the ___ by a fibrous cord

A

Small

vitelloin-testinal duct

ileum

umbilicus

36
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum
-is a small diverticulum arising from ____ border of ____

  • it is about _____ in length
  • is present about ___ proximal to _____ junction
  • occurs in about __% of people.
  • It may contain ______ or ______ .
A

antimesenteric ; ileum

2 inches; 2 feet; ileocecal

2; gastric mucosa or pancreatic tissue

37
Q

In meckel’s diverticulum

There might be ulceration, bleeding, or even perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum. It may undergo inflammation, symptoms of which may mimic to that of _____

A

appendicitis

38
Q

Anomalies due to errors of rotation of midgut loop
-a) Nonrotation: In this anomaly, the midgut loop fails to ___. The _____ or ____ segment returns first in the abdominal cavity.Hence, _____ occupies the left side of the abdominal cavity while the ____ derived from ____ segment returns later and occupies the right side of the abdominal cavity

A

rotate

Caudal; postarterial

large intestine

small intestine ; pre-arterial

39
Q

Anomalies due to errors of rotation of midgut loop

Partial rotation: In this anomaly, first 189° of rotation takes place ____ while last 90 ° of rotation _____.

As a result, cecum and appendix, instead of being on the ___ side of the abdominal cavity, are located ______.

A

normally

does not take place

right

just below pylorus of stomach

40
Q

Anomalies due to errors of rotation of midgut loop

Reversed rotation: In this anomaly, the midgut loop rotates ____ instead of ____.

In this condition, transverse colon passes ___ duodenum and lies ____ the superior mesenteric artery

A

clockwise

anticlockwise

behind

behind

ANA 202 (24 decks)

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