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ANA 202 > Histology Of Liver > Flashcards

Histology Of Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Largest internal organ is ??

A

Liver

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2
Q

Liver is ____g in weight

A

1500

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3
Q

Dual Blood Supply of liver

●Input:
●_____% portal vein
●(poor or rich ?) in oxygen
●(poor or rich?) in nutritions and pancreatic hormones ( from the bowels),
●(poor or rich?) in hemoglobin metabolites-bilirubin and heme (from the ____)

A

75

Poor

Rich

Rich

spleen

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4
Q

Dual Blood Supply of liver

●Input:
●•\_\_\_% hepatic artery
●(poor or rich?)  in oxygen
●Output:
●\_\_\_\_\_\_ veins lead into  \_\_\_\_\_\_
A

25

Rich

Hepatic

inferior vena cava

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5
Q

The liver is enclosed in a capsule of _______ connective tissue known as _______.

This capsule is (Thin or thick?) capsule

A

fibromuscular

Gilson’s capsule

Thin

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6
Q

LIVER LOBULES
●——/____ Lobule
●______ Lobule
●___________

A

Classic/Hepatic

Portal

Liver Acinus

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7
Q

Hepatocytes

main cell type in the _____

●have (small or large?) , (round or flat?) (heterochromatic or euchromatic?) nuclei, and one or more nucleoli

●__nucleate cells are common ((paired or unpaired?) nuclei)

A

parenchyma

Large

Round

euchromatic

Bi; unpaired

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8
Q

Hepatocytes

•\_\_\_\_\_ shaped cells  \_\_\_\_µm
●\_\_\_\_philic
●(small or Large?) nucleus /\_\_nucleate
●Bile \_\_\_\_\_
● \_\_\_ junctions between hepatocytes
A

Polyhedral; 20-30

Eosinophilic

Large; bi

canaliculi

Gap

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9
Q

Hepatocyte surfaces related to:
●__________
●_________

A

Perisinosoidal space

Adjacent hepatocyte

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10
Q

HEPATOCYTES have a

  • Prominent nucleolus
  • precise chromatin
  • monoploidy

T/F

A

T
F( Disperse chromatin)
F( polyploidy)

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11
Q

Cytoplasm of hepatocytes have a ____________ appearance

A

Glycogen-lacey

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12
Q

FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Rough endoplasmic reticulum – for ________

●Smooth endoplasmic reticulum –
•For _____ and ____ reactions
•Conjugation of ____ to ____
•Synthesis of _____

●Golgi apparatus –
•found near ____
•Formation of ____
•Secretion of proteins, ____proteins, ___proteins into plasma

A

protein synthesis

oxidation, methylation

bilirubin to gluronate

bile acids

nucleus; lysomes

Glyco; lipo

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13
Q

FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Lysosomes –
•for ______ and ____ of organelles

●Peroxisomes –
•Important for oxidation of \_\_\_\_\_
•Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_\_
•Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_
•Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_ & some lipids for \_\_\_\_\_

●____ inactivation –by enzyme ______

A

turnover & degradation

excess fatty acid

hydrogen peroxide

purines to uric acid

cholestrol, bile acids; myelin

Drug; glucuronyle transferase

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14
Q

Polarization of hepatocytes

_______ as sinusoidal surface

________ between adjacent hepatocytes

A

Microvilli

Bile cananiculi

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15
Q

Bile cananiculi is formed by _______ and sealed by ___ on the 2 sides

A

Plasma mebranes

Tight junctions

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16
Q

SER - for detoxification and ___ biosynthesis

(Small or large?) number of mitochondria

A

lipid

Large

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17
Q

Hepatic lobule

______ shaped functional unit consisting of mainly _____.
➢Lobules are separated by connective tissue – _________
➢Branches of the ____,______,______ follow at the corners of the ____
➢and are called _____

A

Hexagonal

hepatocytes

interlobular septa.

portal vein, the hepatic artery and the hepatic duct

hexagon

portal triad.

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18
Q

Hepatic lobule

Blood flows from the _____ of the lobule toward the _____ of the hexagon there is a ________.

A

periphery

center

central vein

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19
Q 
The central (= \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ) vein gathers blood and
transports it to the \_\_\_\_\_ vein, and then into the \_\_\_\_\_ vein.
A

centrilobular

sublobular

hepatic

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20
Q

Sinusoids

  • are (constricted or dilated?) capillaries
  • blood from ____ vessels fall into the sinusoids and from them to _____
  • ____ and _____ blood gets mixed in the sinusoids
  • sinusoids seperates the ____
  • they form anastomoses; thus atleast __ surfaces of a hepatocyte is surrounded by blood
A

Dilated

perilobular

central vein

arterial and venous

hepatic plates

2

21
Q

Hepatic plates

  • hepatic cells in the lobules form On cell (thin or thick?) -layer plates
  • within the plates, hepatocytes are arranged in _______
  • the cords are actually (straight or branched ?) _________ sheets
A

Thick

radial cords

branching interconnected

22
Q

Interlobular artery, vein and duct

Run in the connective tissues at the ____

A

Edges

23
Q

Perilobular vein, and artery

(Medial or Lateral?) branch of interlobular vein and artery

Form anastomoses with ____

Continuous with the ____

A

Lateral

each other

sinusoids

24
Q

Interlobular artery supplies the interlobular duct

T/F

A

F

Perilobular artery *

25
Q

Peribiliar plexus

Network of _____

After supplying the ________, joins to the ______

A

Fine arteries

interlobular duct

Sinusoids

26
Q

Interlobular vein

(Regular or Irregular?) shape

(Thin or thick?) wall, only _____ lining

Surrounding ____

May contain ____ cells

A

Irregular

Thin

endothelial

pericytes

red blood

27
Q

Interlobular artery

____ or ___ shape

______ media

May contain ______ cells

A

Round or oval

Muscular

red blood

28
Q

Lymph vessel

(Regular or Irregular?) shape

(Tough or Delicate?) wall

No ___

A

Irregular

Delicate

rbcs

29
Q

Interlobular bile duct

____ or ___ shape

Simple ____ ( small ones ) or

_____ (large ones )

A

Round or oval

cuboidal

Columnar

30
Q

Interlobular septa are very definitive in humans

T/F

A

F

They aren’t

31
Q

Portal lobule

●Emphasizes _____ function
●Includes those portions of three classical lobules that secrete ___ that drains unto ____

A

exocrine

bile

bile duct

32
Q

Portal lobule

  • the area from where ___________________
  • ______ shaped with ____ at the center and ______ at the edge
A

an interlobular bile duct collects bile

triangular

bile duct

central veins

33
Q

Bile canaliculi

is ___µm diameter

Limited by _____ of _____ and _____

Canaliculi empty into _____ lined by ___ cells called ______

A

1-2

plasma membrane of hepatocytes; tight junctions

bile ductules; cuboidal; cholangiocytes

34
Q

Canaliculi leads to _____ that leads to _____(______) lined with _________

A

herring’s canal

cholangioles

bile ductules

cholangiocytes

35
Q

Direction of bile flow is (opposite or the same ?) to that of blood

A

Opposite

36
Q

LIVER ACINUS based on oxygen flow

According to the ____easing oxygen gradient toward the ______, the acinus is divided
➢into 3 zones. Hepatocytes in the zones have different functions.

A

Decr

central vein

37
Q

Zone 1:

•(first or last ?) to receive both ____ and ___
➢(first or last?) to die in case of ishemia and the (first or last?) to regenerate
➢(first or last?) to take up glucose to store as glycogen
➢(first or last ?) to show morphological changes following bile duct occlusion

A

First; nutrients and toxins

Last

First

First

first

38
Q

Zone 3:

•(first or last?) to show ischemic necrosis
➢(first or last?) to show fat accumulation in obese persons
➢(first or last?) to respond to toxic substances and bile stasis

➢Zone 2: intermediate zone

A

First

First

Last

39
Q

LIVER ACINUS
•_______ shaped area

  • ____ portal triads
  • ___ closest central veins
  • Based on nature of blood supply & O2 gradient
  • ZONE 1- nearest _______- most O2 & nutrients, oxidative metabolism
  • ZONE III –near _____ – least O2 & nutrients, glycolysis, lipid formation,ischemic necrosis
  • ZONE II – intermediate range
A

Diamond

Two

Two

arteriole; central vein

40
Q

Main Reactions in liver acinus

Zone 1: _______; oxidative energy metabolism; ___ synthesis

Zone 3: ________; ______

A

gluconeogenesis; urea

glycolysis; lipogenesis

41
Q

Easy exchange of large molecules between hepatocytes and blood plasma is facilitated by :

➢the sinusoidal wall is lined with ______
➢beside the intercellular fenestrae there are are also _________ in the endothelial cells
➢ the basal lamina is ——— or ______
➢the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal wall is separated by the _________ of ______
➢____ may enter, but _____ and _______ are exluded form the perisinusoidal space

➢ microvilli (___easing surface) of the hepatocytes extend into the _______ (this is the site of ______.

A

fenestrated endothelial

intracellular pores

discontinous or missing

perisinusoidal space – space of Disse,

plasma; red blood cells and platelets

Incr; space of Disse; exchange

42
Q

Kupffer cells are Resident _____
➢____ or _____ shaped, (smaller or larger?) , (static or migrating?) cells in the ______

➢are part of the immune system – (precise or diffuse?) _____________________ system (MPS)
➢uptake and degrade foreign and potentially harmful substances
➢____ and _____ in response to hepatocyte damage, bacterial toxins, etc.

A

Macrophages

triangular or star

Smaller

Migrating; sinusoids

Diffuse ; mononuclear phagocyte system

proliferate and enlarge

43
Q

Kupffer cells

➢uptake ____ erythrocytes and break down ____

➢store most of the iron in form of ________ - a _____

●hepatocytes store some iron in form of _____

A

effete

hemoglobin

hemosiderin; pigment

ferritin

44
Q

Hepatic stellate cells (____ cells)
➢hepatic stellate cell =____ cell = ________ cell
➢located in the _______
➢(can or cannot?) be seen on H&E stained sections
➢strore and metabolize _____
➢produce ________

A

Ito

Ito; perisinusoidal

space of Disse

cannot

vitamin A

connective tissue of interlobular septa

45
Q

The liver of many arctic mammals contains poisonous amount of vitamin A

T/F

A

T

46
Q

FORMATION OF LYMPH IN THE LIVER

Due to the (small or large?) pores or fenestrations in ______ cells, fluid and proteins in blood flow freely into the space between the _______ and ______ (the “________”), forming lymph.

Lymph flows through the ____ to collect in small _______ associated with ______

A

Large

sinusoidal endothelial

endothelium and hepatocytes

space of Disse

space of Disse

lymphatic capillaries

portal triads.

47
Q

Liver regeneration

●Compensatory ____
●Original mass of tissue restored
●Surgical removal produces similar response
●Important in liver transplant

●LIVER STEM CELLS (___ shaped cells)
●Present in initial epitetlium of _____ near portal areas
●Can give rise to ______ and ______

A

hyperplasia

oval

bile ductules

hepatocytes & cholangiocytes

48
Q

Liver has m strong capacity for regeneration

T/F

A

T

ANA 202 (24 decks)

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