Embryology of the heart Flashcards
What is the function of the umbilical arteries?
They carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. There are two umbilical arteries.
What do the umbilical arteries become after birth?
They become medial umbilical ligaments.
What is the function of the umbilical vein?
It carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
What does the umbilical vein become after birth?
It becomes the round ligament of the liver. Also called the ligamentum teres.
What is the function of the ductus venosus?
It is a shunt that allows the fetal blood to bypass the liver and pass quickly to the IVC.
What does the ductus venosus become after birth?
Ligamentum venosum.
What two shunts allow fetal blood to bypass the lungs?
The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus.
Where is the foramen ovale located?
Within the interatrial septum.
Where is the ductus arteriosus located?
Between the pulmonary trunk and arch of the aorta.
What does the foramen ovale become after birth?
The fossa ovalis
What does the ductus arteriosus become?
The ligamentum arteriosum.
What happens if the ductus arteriosus does not close fully after birth?
This is called a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and results in blood flowing from the high pressure aorta into the low pressure pulmonary circulation.
It is associated with a continuous machine like murmur. It can result in irreversible lung damage or enlargment of the L atrium or ventricle.
In what order does blood flow through the primitive heart chambers?
- Sinus venosus
- Primitive atrium
- Primitive ventricle
- Bulbus cordis
- Truncus arteriosus
***What are the three layers of the developing heart wall?
***The endothelial cells
What occurs during heart looping?
Heart looping occurs as a result of a lack of space in the pericardium.
It places the inflow and outflow tracts next to each other with the inflow tracts (and atria) behind and superior to the ventricles.
