Embryology + paediatrics Flashcards
Risk factors for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Oligohydramnios
Female sex
Breech presentation
Clubfoot - describe
Inverted, plantar-flexed foot, not passively correctable
Ponseti Method of correction (casting, manipulating)
Talipes equinovarus - what is it, and what is it associated with?
Club foot
Spina bifida
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Oligohydramnios
Scarlett Fever
- cause
- symptoms
- complications
Group a B-haemolytic strep
Tonsilitis, fever, headache, malaise, coated strawberry tongue
Middle ear disease, pneumonia, post-strep GN, rheumatic fever, sinusitis
Childhood absence seizure
Mx
Ethosuximide
Valproate
Lamotragine
Estimating weight in child under ten
(Age + 4) x 2
Steeple sign on XR neck
Croup
Thumb-print sign on XR neck
Epiglottitis
Diphtheria - Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Presentation
Management
Rhinorrhoea - watery, turns to purulent/bloody
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy, neck oedema
IV benzylpenicillin, antitoxin
Cows milk protein allergy - presentation
Management
GI upset, skin manifestation
Possible CMPA - try comfort milk
Likely CMPA - prescribe extensively hydralized feeds and refer to paediatric dietician
Pinworm management
Mebendazole - Stat dose and repeat in 2-3 weeks, treat entire household ideally
Duodenal atresia
- Presentation
- Ex and Ix
Vomiting (usually billious) within hours of birth
Scaphoid abdomen
Double-bubble sign on US-abdo (stomach and duodenal bubbles)
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
AKA
Features
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB)
Bleeding: umbilicus, venepuncture sites, mucous membranes, GI
Administer vit K, should stop bleeding and increase PT
Most common congenital heart defect in Down Syndrome
Atrioventricular septal defect
