Ophthalmology

Question 1

Ectropion

Answer 1

Out-turning of eyelids

Question 2

Entropion

Answer 2

In-turning of eyelids
Surgery, tape, lubricants

Question 3

Blepharitis

Answer 3

Inflammation of eyelid margins often leading to a red eye

Question 4

Stye
- what is it
- management

Answer 4

Infection of glands of the eyelid.

Hot compress, analgesia
Topical antibiotics only if a/w conjunctivitis

Question 5

Chalazion (Meibomian cyst)
- what is it
-presentation
-management

Answer 5

Retention cyst of the Meibomian gland. It presents as a firm painless lump in the eyelid. The majority of cases resolve spontaneously but some require surgical drainage

Question 6

Acute closed angle glaucoma
-presentation

Answer 6

Scleral injection
Corneal oedema, cloudy appearance
Sudden onset blurred vision
Pain
Markedly reduced acuity

Question 7

Scary red eye

Answer 7

Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage

Question 8

Diabetic retinopathy stages

Answer 8

1. Microaneurysms
2. Dot + blot haemorrhages
3. Flame shaped haemorrhages
4. Retinal oedema
5. Hard exudates

Question 9

Tobacco-alcohol ambylopia

Answer 9

Probably nutrition amblyopia

central loss of colour vision

Question 10

Pinguecula

Answer 10

Common degenerative nodule of cornea, may grow over time, benign
UV exposure

Question 11

Holmes-Adie pupil

Answer 11

Large, irregular pupil, slow to constrict to light but normal accommodation. Once constricted, stays small for a long time.

Question 12

Argyll Robertson pupil

Answer 12

Small, irregular pupil, does not constrict to light but accommodates normally. Often bilateral.

Question 13

SEVERE eye pain and red eye + middle aged woman + connective tissue disorder

Answer 13

Scleritis