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EXAM 1- Anatomical Sciences > Embyology > Flashcards

Embyology Flashcards

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1
Q

When does ovulation happen

A

14 days into ovarian cycle

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2
Q

Ovulation process

A

1 oocyte released from ovary, swept up by fimbriae into the oviduct (uterine tube/fallopian tube)

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3
Q

Sperm travel time cervix to oviduct

A

30 minutes to 6 days

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4
Q

Results of fertilization

A

Zygote
Diploid number of chromosomes
Gender determination
Cleavage initiated

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5
Q

XX gender, XY gender

A

Female, male

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6
Q

How many hours in does cleavage happen

A

30 hrs

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7
Q

After fertilization, the zygote divides by ____ to produce 2 cells, then 4, then 8, etc
After the 16 cell stage, what is the group of cells called?

A

Mitosis, morula

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8
Q

At what point in time does the fertilized cell become a morula

A

3 days

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9
Q

At what point in time does the zygote become an ADVANCED morula

A

Around 4 days

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10
Q

The morula turns into _____ by developing into a ____ ball of cells with an inner protrusion called a

A

Blastocyst, hollow, inner cell mass

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11
Q

At what stage (aka what form of the cell) is the uterus entered

A

Blastocyst

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12
Q

At what stage (aka what form of the cell) is the uterus entered

A

Blastocyst

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13
Q

The blastocyst implants into the

A

Endometrium

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14
Q

How long after fertilization does implantation happen

A

7 days

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15
Q

What is the syncytiotrophoblast

A

The part of the blastocyst that implants into the endometrium
*looks like fingers reaching into endometrium

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16
Q

When do the trophoblast and embryoblast each differentiate into multiple layers?

A

Week two

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17
Q

What are the two layers of the trophoblast

A

Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotriphoblast

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18
Q

What are the two layers of the embryoblast

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

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19
Q

What is a pregnancy test recognizing (hormone and structure)

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin from the synctioblast

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20
Q

On day ___, two cavities form called the

A

9, amnionic cavity (middle of epiblast) and the exocoelomic cavity (primitive yolk sac)

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21
Q

The amnionic cavity eventually is

A

The space where the fetus develops

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22
Q

On day 12, the _____ forms

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

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23
Q

The layer of the extraembryonic mesoderm that is closest to the yolk sac ? Farther?

A

Splanchnic , somatic

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24
Q

At 13 days, the ____cavity forms

A

Chorionic

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25
Gastrulation happens in week
3
26
Gastrulation definition
Converts the bilaminar embryo into the trilaminar embryo
27
Germ layers produced by Gastrulation …
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
28
The ectoderm develops into
Neural system, skin and appendages that relate to external environment (eyes, ears)
29
Mesoderm develops into
Musculoskeletal tissue, limb buds, genitourinary system, body wall and membranes that line cavities
30
Endoderm develops into
Foregut, midgut, hindgut, GI tract and appendages (liver, pancreas), respiratory tract, bladder
31
Endoderm replaces the
Hypoblast
32
Ectoderm come from the
Epiblast
33
Epiblast cells migrate through the ______ and _______ towards the _____ membrane
Primitive node, streak, oropharyngeal
34
The future mouth forms from the
Oropharyneal membrane
35
The future anus comes from the
cloacal membrane
36
What is holoprosencephaly? what causes it?
Injury to the anterior midline of germ disc (around the oropharyngeal membrane) High does alcohol? Genetics
37
What is caudal dysgeneis? What causes it?
Injury to the caudal aspect of the germ disc (near the cloacal membrane) Genetics Environmental insults
38
Cyclopia is caused by
Holoprosencephaly
39
Sirenomelia is caused by
Caudal dysgenesis
40
Sacrococcygeal tumors are associated with
The primitive streak (remnants)
41
The primitive node is often called “____”
The organizer
42
Splitting of the primitive node causes
Conjoined twins
43
What is the ampulla and what happens there?
The widened part of the distal uterine tube; where the sperm and the egg meet
44
What is the purpose of the fimbrae
Sweep up released oocyte into fallopian tubes
45
The myometrium is made of? Where is it in relation to the endometrium
Smooth muscle On the outside
46
When is an oocyte considered a zygote
During the two cell stage after fertilization; around 30 hours
47
When is a zygote considered a morula
16 cell stage and above
48
Explain the purpose of the trophoblast and what it eventually turns into during development?
Provides nutrition & support for the developing embryo Eventually becomes the placenta
49
24 hours after being released, if an oocyte does not come into contact with sperm ….
It starts to degrade
50
Another name for inner cell mass
Embryoblast
51
When does the blastocyst shed the zona pellucida?
Prior to implantation Around 41/2-5 days
52
Why is cervical implantation not ideal? Is the pregnancy viable?
Very inferior Growth of the fetus in the narrow area would cause lots of pressure, not enough room to grow HIGH RISK but viable
53
In normal implantation, the oocyte moves ______ towards the ____
Proximally, uterus
54
Where is the zygote implanted in a peritoneal pregnancy ? How does this happen? Is this viable?
Abdominal The zygote moves distally and falls out of the fallopian tubes No!
55
What type of cells on the blastocyst invade the uterine wall for implantation
Trophoblast cells
56
What is the difference between the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast cell populations? Be specific
The sync = ‘together with’ the endometrium Multinucleated region because cells push into endometrium and lose cell walls The cyto = stem cell population Cell walls in tact
57
What releases hCG?
Syncytiotrophoblast
58
What cavity will eventually surround the developing embryo
Amnionic cavity
59
When a pregnant persons water breaks, what is the fluid that is actually being released?
Amnionic fluid
60
Why would it be beneficial to insert a needle into the Amnionic fluid during a pregnancy? What can we do with the extracted liquid?
Extract cells that have sloughed off the developing embryo, allows us to understand how the development is progressing Perform a karyotype and do genetic testing
61
Why would it be beneficial to insert a needle into the Amnionic fluid during a pregnancy?
Extract cells that have sloughed off the developing embryo, allows us to understand how the development is progressing
62
Why might a woman not know she is pregnant? Aka, why might a woman be spotting when she is actually pregnant,?
Trophoblastic lacunae (lakes of blood) may rupture and be released at certain points during early development
63
The mesoderm splits into two layers, what are they? Which is closer to the yolk sac? Which is closer to the trophoblast cells? (Which ones) What is the cavity that forms?
Splanchnic & somatic Splanchnic Somatic Chorionic cavity
64
What does the Splanchnic mesoderm form
organs **internal
65
What does the somatic mesoderm form
Body wall *external
66
At the end of the 2nd month, has the yolk sac fully regressed?
NO
67
When is the yolk sac no longer present?
End of 3rd month
68
The primitive streak is formed on the
Epiblast surface
69
All cells technically develop from which layer
The epiblast
70
The first wave of cells that migrates to the primitive streak will replace the _____and turn into the ____
Hypoblast, endoderm
71
Cells migrate from the ____ towards the primitive streak
Epiblast
72
The second wave of cells migrating to the primitive streak develop into the
Mesoderm
73
The epiblast eventually turns into which layer
The ectoderm
74
A teratogen refers to
The agent responsible for birth defect
75
Sacrococcygeal tumors are located
On the lowest part of our spinal column
76
What structure fails to divide that causes cyclopia
Forebrain into right and left
77
What fails to divide that causes sirenomelia
Caudal end
78
The ___ membrane develops faster/sooner because …
Oropharyngeal , the cells migrate through primitive streak towards it
79
The body plan is decided by the
Primitive streak
80
Where does the gut tube develop from
The endoderm
81
The cytotrophoblast is the ___- for the ____trophoblast
Stem cell population, synctio

EXAM 1- Anatomical Sciences (6 decks)

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