embyro triage exam 4

Question 1

The basal plate becomes whih horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 1

the ventral horn and the lateral horn of the spinal cord (somatic motor)

Question 2

the alar plate becomes which horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

becoems the dorsal horn for sensory neuroblasts

Question 3

dorsal root ganglia are dervid from what?

Answer 3

neural crest cells

Question 4

what forms the dura?

Answer 4

mesoderm

Question 5

what forms the pia and arachnoid mater?

Answer 5

neural crest cells

Question 6

what embryonic structure participates the most in the formation of the PNS?

Answer 6

neural crest cells

Question 7

what innervates the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 7

Trigeminal : the third mandibulr branch of trigem (V3) has that little motor branch and this innervates the muscles of mastication.

Question 8

What pharyngeal arch do the muscles of mastication come from?

Answer 8

the first!

Question 9

what innervates the second pharyngeal arch?

Answer 9

the facial nerve

Question 10

what innervates the third pharyngeal arch?

Answer 10

glossopharyngeal

Question 11

the stylopharyngues muscle is derived from which arch?

Answer 11

the third

Question 12

what innervates the 4th pharyngeal arch?

Answer 12

vagus nerve (X)

Question 13

what innervates the 6th pharyngeal arch?

Answer 13

the recurrent branch of vagus (X)

Question 14

pharyngeal pouches are made of what

Answer 14

endoderm

Question 15

pharyngeal grooves/clefts are made of

Answer 15

ectoderm

Question 16

pharyngeal arches are made of

Answer 16

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

Question 17

what does the first pharyngeal pouch make?

Answer 17

the inner ear

Question 18

what does the 2, 3 and 4th groove form?

Answer 18

nothing! they disappear

Question 19

what does the first pouch form?

Answer 19

inner and middle ear, eustachian tube

Question 20

what does the second pouch form?

Answer 20

the tonsilar bed , palatine tonsils

Question 21

what does the 3rd pouch form?

Answer 21

the thmus and inferior parathyoid

Question 22

what does the 4th pouch form?

Answer 22

superior parathyoid gland

Question 23

the parathyroid glands are derived from which pouches?

Answer 23

the 3rd and 4th

Question 24

The only phagyngeal membrane that gives rise to adult derivatives is:

Answer 24

first pharyngeal membrane

Question 25

A 2 day old infant male has a noticeable gap in his upper lip. The diagnosis is a cleft lip. Failure of fusion of which structures is the most likely cause of this anomaly?

Answer 25

Maxillary processes and intermaxillary segment`

Question 26

how is the primary palate formed?

Answer 26

it is formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences

Question 27

how is the secondary palate formed?

Answer 27

by the fusion of the 2 palatine shelves/ plates

Question 28

the majority of the palate develops from the

Answer 28

lateral palatine process

Question 29

As soon as he stops crying he becomes breathless and cyanotic. With tactile stimulation he cries again and cyanosis resolves, but returns every time he is quiet. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 29

The cause is the persistence of an intact oronasal membrane and lack of communication between nasal cavities and nasopharynx. Newborns are obligate nose breathers. At birth, as long as they cry, they can breath orally. When they stop crying they become breathless and cyanotic.

Question 30

The inner ear derives from:

Answer 30

ectoderm

Question 31

malleus and incus arise from

Answer 31

the 1st pharyngeal arch

Question 32

stapes arises from

Answer 32

2nd pharyngeal arch

Question 33

pharyngeal grooves are made by what?

Answer 33

ectoderm

Question 34

pharyngeal puches are made by what?

Answer 34

endoderm!

Question 35

what germ layer creates the nasal placodes

Answer 35

ectoderm

Question 36

in an oblique facial cleft whats happened?

Answer 36

maxillary prominence and lateral nasal process don't fuse

Question 37

a median cleft lip occurs when

Answer 37

the medial nasal processes fail to fuse

Question 38

when the medial nasal processes fuse what do they form?

Answer 38

the intermaxillary segment

Question 39

What happens if the intermaxillary segment and maxillary prominences do not fuse

Answer 39

cleft lip

Question 40

A 2 day old infant male has a noticeable gap in his upper lip. The diagnosis is a cleft lip. Failure of fusion of which structures is the most likely cause of this anomaly?

Answer 40

. Maxillary processes and intermaxillary segment

Question 41

primary (anterior) palate is formed how

Answer 41

formed by merging of the medial nasal prominences

Question 42

secondary (posterior) palate is forme dhow

Answer 42

fusion of the palatine (palatal) shelves (plates, processes) from the maxillary processes

Question 43

cleft palates are due to

Answer 43

result of the failure of neural crest cells to migrate/proliferate

Question 44

Anterior clefts

Answer 44

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with primary palate.

Question 45

Posterior clefts:

Answer 45

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other and with the nasal septum

Question 46

complte cleft palate is due to

Answer 46

lateral palatine processes fail to fuse with each other, nasal septum and primary palate