Emergence Of MODERN SPORT Flashcards
(16 cards)
Stage 1 of athleticism
Took place late 18th century
Sport was organised entirely by the boys themselves
Boys had learnt the rules of sport from their villages
This meant that there were different versions of the game across the country
It was often unruly and included gambling drinking and hunting
Stage 2 of athleticism
Took place early 19th century
Introduced by DR THOMAS ARNOLD who wanted to reduce gambling+drinking and develop muscular christianity+moral integrity
Sport was organised by 6th form students
Organised house games which took place on school grounds
Stage 3 of athleticism
Took place late 19th century
Sport was now used to develop characteristics that would prepare students for work after education
E.g discipline,teamwork+leadership
Sport now took place in purpose built factories e.g public swimming pools+stadiums
Additionally due to the industrial revolution, factory owners had created teams which workers played for and was paid for playing. This increased the health of workers and improved productivity
FACTORS of Development of sport in pre industrial britian/ HOW SPORT WAS SPREAD
Transport
British empire
Churches
Oxbridge melting point
Transport
Railways had allowed sports teams to travel greater distances which increased the range and appeal for the sport
This lead to the creation of leagues and competitions
This also generated an increase in spectating and supporting
With the aid of reporting, spectators were made aware of timings of matches
British empire
Work colonisation+ the export of British customs, through public school boys joining the military, sport was able to spread its concepts and ideas across the world
Churches
Had encouraged rational recreation into society
Former public school boys working at the churches as ministers helped to spread the notion of muscular christianity and moral integrity.
Oxbridge melting point
Former public school boys from a variety of schools with different rules coming to university
This allowed a consensus of rules and convention until there was codification of many modern sports and formation of NGBS
Athleticism in girls public schools
Speed of athleticism development in girls public schools was much slower due to
Traditional role of women- was seen as a threat to the behavioural norms of society
Anxiety over women wearing revealing clothing during physical activity
Thought unnecessary to give girls the same opportunity as boys
Was considered inappropriate for women to act competitive nature
Medical concerns that physical activity would complicate child bearing
Amateurs back then
Amateur atheletes from the upper class and attended public schools
After public schools they attended university and formed NGB where they codified and created rules of the game
Did not recieve monetary rewards
This is because they played for the love if the game
Known as amateur ethos
Athleticism was dominant which meant playing w physical endeavour and moral integrity
Sportsmanship was also dominant which means playing by the unwritten tules of the game
Professionals back then
From the working class and had a low social status
Received payment through the broken time process where they were paid while taking time off work to play sport
Lombardian ethic was dominant- trying to win at all costs
This meant cheating became prevalent
As well as gamesmanship which is playingu outside of the unwritten rules of sport
Amateurism now
Today amateur athletes still do not receive payment for playing sport
E.g athletes not paid for the olympics
We can still see people playing for the love of the game e.g amateur boxers
We can still see physical endeavour+athleticism taking place
E.g amateur boxers taking part in 3 month training camps
High morale code still to be seen
Professionalism now
Increased wages due to commercialisation and gate receipts which allows athletes to train full time
Increased standard of performance over time
Increased media exposure and sponsorship
Which leads to an increased pressure to win
Amateurism to professionalism in football
Following the formation of the FA, football became a sport that both amateurs and professionals can play. as more teams and competitions were being formed this lead to an increase in spectatorship. This meant that clubs were able to generate income throygh ticket sales.
As games were being played more regularly, professionals required more time away from work
Therefore the FA reluctantly accepted full-time professionalism within football
Amateurism to professionalism in cricket
During the 1870s cricket developed from being a touring sport to a county sport. This led to an increased interest from spectators.
However, due to the length of games professionals required. Along time away from work so counties accepted professional players
Although the professionals were respected they had different travel and eating arrangements compared to the amateurs
The class difference between amateurs vs pros is highlighted in the annual pro v amateur match
Modern olympic games
Pierre de coubertin- founder of international olympic commitee
Came from france to england to visit the muchwenlock olympics
Basing modern olympic games on ancient games
The first modern day olympics held in Athens-1896
Principles included citrius atlius forteius-swifter higher stronger
Amateurism+sportmanship
Unity+education+friendship
Advertisement+sponsorship+marketing was seen as insult to the spirit of the game
No professionals allowed e.g 1912 Jim Thorpe had gold medals stripped off of him for accepting payment in semi pro baseball
