Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 6 > Emergencies > Flashcards

Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

In which leads can you see ST elevation for the following MIs? and which arteries are affected

Anterior
Lateral
Inferior
Posterior

A

Anterior - V1-4 LAD
Lateral - I, avL, V5-6 Left Lateral
Inferior - II, III, avF Right coronary
Posterior - V1-2 Tall R waves - right coronary OR left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some causes of MIs?

A

Hypoxia, hypothermia, hypovolaemia, hypokalaemia, Toxin, thrombus, tension pneumo, tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some complications of MIs?

A

Death
Arrythmias
Rupture
Thrombus
Haemorhhage
Valvular disease
Aneurysm
Dressler - fever, pericardial effusion, pleuritic chest pain
Embolism
Reinfarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the acute management for an MI?

A
  1. DAPT - aspirin 300mg and tricagrelor 180mg
  2. Anticoag - PCI or fibrinolysis

if within 12 hours and can PCI in 2 hours then do it, otherwise, enoxaparin

  1. Morphine 5mg
  2. Beta blocker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the long term management of an MI?

A

ACE inhibitor
Beta blocker
Cardiorehab
DAPT
Statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some causes of pulmonary oedema?

A

Cardiovascular –> increased PAWP
ARDS –> normal PAWP
Fluid overload
neurogenic - head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the acute management of pulmonary oedema

A
  1. Sit up and high flow O2
  2. diamorphine IV (3mg) + metoclopromide 10mg
  3. IV furosemide 40-80mg
  4. GTN spray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the long term management of pulmonary oedema?

A

daily weight
repeat CXR
oral furosemide
consider thiazide diuretic
ACEi if EF<40, B blocker if EF<35 spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the ECG sign for cardiac tamponade?

A

electrical alternans of R wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give some examples of broad complex arrhythmias

A

Ventricular tachycardia including Torsades de point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give some examples of narrow complex arrhythmias

A

sinus tach, SVT, AF/flutter,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you manage broad and narrow complex arrhythmias?

A

Broad - IV amiodarone 300mg in 20 mins
Narrow - Valsalva + IV adenosine 6mg, 12mg, 12mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you manage torsades de point?

A

congenital - beta blockers
drug indued - magnesium sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which drugs can cause bardycardia?

A

beta blockers
digoxin
amiodarone
verapamil
diltiazem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you manage bradycardia?

A

0.5mg IV atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are soem signs of life threatening asthma?

A

Cyanosis
Hypotension
Exhaustion PEFR<33%
Silent chest
Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you manage acute asthma?

A
  1. high flow o2
  2. salbutamol 5mg and ipratropium -.5mg nebs with 6L/min oxygen
  3. Prednisolone 50mg for 5 days
  4. IV magnesium sulfate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What investigations should be done in acute presentation of COPD?

A

ABG
Chest X ray
Bloods
ECG
sputum culture
blood culture

19
Q

How much should you aim to increase O2 and CO2 by in COPD?

A

increase O2 by more than 8kPa while increasing CO2 by less than 1.5kPa

20
Q

How do you manage acute COPD?

A

24% O2
Salbultamol 5mg and ipratropium 0.5mg nebs
prednisolone 30mg AND hydrocortisone 200mg IV
amoxicillin and co-amox
senior help and aminophyline IV

21
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of safety

A

top - base of axilla
lateral edge of latissimus dorsi and pec major
5th ICS

22
Q

What investigations do you do for suspected PE?

A

Wells score
>4 –> CTPA
if positive DOAC
if negative USS of leg

<4 –> D dimer
if positive CTPA
if negative - consider alternative diagnosis

23
Q

What score is used for low risk PE?

A

pulmonary embolism rule out criteria

24
Q

how do you manage a PE?

A
  1. 10-15 L O2
  2. Morphine + metoclopramide

haemodynamically stable
3. LMWH subcut
4. DOAC for 3 months if provoked, 6 months if unprovoked
- if contraindicated the IVC filter

unstable
unfractionated heparin –> DOAC

25
How do you manage ARDS?
1. inotropes through central line 2. IV broad spectrum Abx and diuretics 3. O2 60-100%
26
What are some features of ARDS?
Acute onset - within a week bilateral pulmonary infiltrates dropping PaO2 resp failure not due to heart failure
27
how do you manage an acute GI bleed?
1. resusitation give packed RBC IF ACTIVE BLEEDING - give clotting factors - give platelets 2. risk assess 3. endoscopy - after resus or within 24 hrs 4. long term management
28
what scores would you use to risk assess for acute GI bleed?
blatchford score - pre endoscopy rockland score - post endoscopy
29
what can be used prophylaxis for variceal bleeds?
propranalol
30
What are the Uk and worldwide leading causes of encephalitis and how do you treat?
UK HSV2 Worldwide - arbovirus IV acyclovir + ceftriaxone (as hard to tell between this an meningitis)
31
how do you treat meningitis
1. Abx - ceftriaxone 2. dexamethasone 3. fluid resus 4. airway support
32
how to manage epilepsy?
secure airway suction and O2 buccal lorazepam OR 4mg IV lorazepam IV lorazepam second dose 10-20 mins later 30 ins - IV infusion pheytoin 60 mins - anaesthetics
33
What is the criteria for an immediate CT head?
GCS <13 traumatic injury >1 episode vomiting signs of basal skull fracture post traumatic seizure focal neurological deficits
34
what is the criteria for a CT head within 8 hours?
LOC or amnesia since injury AND - age>65 - bleeding/ clotting disorder (also if on current anticoags) - dangerous mechanism of injury
35
What are some indications for immediate CT spine?
GCS<13 patient intubated parasthesia focal deficits >65 years
36
When would you consider ICP monitoring?
mandatory for GCS 3-8 and abnormal CT head advised if GCS 3-8 and normal CT head
37
What are some signs of increased ICP?
headache worse on leaning forward altered gcs focal neurological deficits changes in vision cushings triad - high bp, low pulse, irregular resp rate
38
how do you manage someone with increased icp?
urgent neurosurgery referral sit up at 40 degrees intubate and hyperventilate - as co2 vasoconstricts manitol steroids fluid restrict
39
how do you manage someone with a head injury?
A-E give oxygen immobilise neck stop bleeding assess GCS BLOODS - u/e, glucose, bood alcohol, toxicology, clotting neurological exam radiographs
40
what are some signs and symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?
bilateral sciatica RED FLAG saddle anaesthesia RED FLAG urinary/faecal incontinence lower limb weakness RED FLAG sexual dysfunction
41
what investigations would you do for suspected cauda equina?
lower limb neuro exam DRE bladder scan if urinary retention MRI!
42
how do you treat cauda equina?
PO dexamethasone (if metastatic disease, then start while waiting for MRI results) decompressive laminectomy
43
what are some signs for spinal cord compression?
back pain UMN signs and sensory level - above L1 LMN sign and sensory level - below L1
44
how do you manage spinal cord compression?
oral/IV dexamethasone and radiotherapy or surgery (if not frail)

Year 6 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions