Emergency Care - EMT Basic Chapter 5 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
a word formed from two or more whole words.
A
compound
2
Q
foundation of a word that is not a word that can stand on its own.
A
root
3
Q
a word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word.
A
combining form
4
Q
What is the Root part that means Heart
A
Cardi
5
Q
What is the Root part that means Nerve
A
Neur
6
Q
What is the Root part that means Nose/nasal
A
Nas
7
Q
What is the Root part that means Mouth/oral
A
Or
8
Q
word part added to the beginning of a root or word to modify or qualify its meaning. They usually tell the reader what kind of, where, in what direction, or how many.
A
prefix
9
Q
The Root part that relates to breathing
A
pnea
10
Q
dys-
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painful; difficult
11
Q
tachy-
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rapid;fart
12
Q
intra-
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within; inside
13
Q
Plegia
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refers to paralysis of the limbs
14
Q
quadri-
A
four
15
Q
word part added to the end of a root or word to complete its meaning
A
suffix
16
Q
-itis
A
inflammation
17
Q
arthr
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refers to a joint
18
Q
-iac
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forms a noun indicating a person afflicted with a certain disease
19
Q
Hyper-
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Above normal, high
20
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Hypo-
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Below normal, low
21
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Tachy-
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Above normal, rapid
22
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Brady-
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Below normal, slow
23
Q
-ac
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Pertaining to
24
Q
-ology
A
Study of
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-al
Pertaining to
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-ist
one who specializes in
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an abbreviation made up of initials that can be pronounced as a word
acronym (example: CPAP)
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the study of body structure
anatomy
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the study of body function
physiology
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toward the head ^
superior (e.g., the chest is superior to the abdomen)
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away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head
inferior (e.g., the lips are inferior to the nose)
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closer to the torso
proximal
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farther away from the torso
distal
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The elbow is __________ to the hand.
proximal (because it is closer to the torso)
35
The elbow is _______ to the shoulder.
distal (because it is farther away from the torso than the shoulder)
36
To be sure circulation has not been cut off after splinting an arm or a leg, you must feel for a _________ pulse.
distal
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referring to the palm of the hand
palmar
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referring to the sole of the foot
plantar
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The ______________ divides the chest into regions.
mid-clavicular line
40
What are the four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury?
- The right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- The left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- The right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- The left lower quadrant (LLQ)
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What organs are in the RUQ?
- Liver
- Right Kidney
- Colon
- Pancreas
- Gallbladder
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What organs are in the LUQ?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Left Kidney
- Stomach
43
The abdominal quadrants are created by drawing horizontal and vertical lines through the _________.
navel
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What organs are in the RLQ?
- Right kidney
- Colon
- Small intestines
- Major artery and vein to the right leg
- Ureter
- Appendix
- Bladder
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What organs are in the LLQ?
- Left kidney
- Colon
- Small intestines
- Major artery and vein to left leg
- Ureter
- Bladder
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lying on the back.
supine
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lying face down.
prone
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lying on the side.
recovery position (also called lateral recumbent position)
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What is another term for the recovery position?
lateral recumbent position
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a sitting position
Fowler position
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a semi-sitting position
semi-Fowler position
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a position where the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head.
Trendelenburg position
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the wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the "Adam's apple"
thyroid cartilage
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the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
musculoskeletal system
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tissue that connects bone to bone
ligament
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tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
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What are the three main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
- To give the body shape
- To protect vital internal organs
- To provide for body movement
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The bony structure of the head
skull
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consists of the top, back, and sides of the skull
cranium
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lower jaw
mandible
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fused bones of the upper jaw
maxillae
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provide some structure to the nose
nasal bones
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these bones surround the eyes
orbits
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bones that form the structure of the cheeks
zygomatic arches
65
How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?
33
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The ____________ system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. This system froms a protective barrier and aids in temperature regulation.
Integumentary
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This system regulates metabolic/hormonal activities of the body
endocrine
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This system filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body.
Renal/Urinary
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the chest.
thorax
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the breastbone
sternum
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the superior portion of the sternum
manubrium
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the inferior portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
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The section of the spine that corresponds with the thorax, ribs, and upper back?
Thoracic
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How many vertebrae are in the thoracic division of the spine?
12
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The section of the spine that corresponds with the neck?
Cervical
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The section of the spine that corresponds with the lower back?
Lumbar
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The section of the spine that corresponds with the back wall of the pelvis?
Sacral
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The section of the spine that corresponds with the tailbone?
Coccyx
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How many vertebrae are in the cervical division of the spine?
7
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How many vertebrae are in the lumbar division of the spine?
5
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How many vertebrae are in the sacral division of the spine?
5
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How many vertebrae are in the coccyx division of the spine?
4
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the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities.
pelvis
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the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
ilium
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the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
ishium
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the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
pubis
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the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to from the hip joint.
acetabulum
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the large bone of the thigh
femur
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the kneecap
patella
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the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
tibia
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the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
fibula
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protrusion on the side of the ankle
malleolus
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at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle
the lateral malleolus
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at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle
the medial malleolus
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the ankle bones
tarsals
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the foot bones
metatarsals
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the heel bone
calcaneus
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the toe bones and finger bones
phalanges
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the collarbone
clavicle
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the shoulder blade
scapula
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the highest portion of the shoulder
acromion process
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the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.
humerus
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the lateral bone of the forearm
radius
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ulna
the medial bone of the forearm
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the wrist bones
carpals
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the hand bones
metacarpals
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the point where two bones come together
joint
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What are two types of joints?
- ball-and-socket joint
| - hinge joint
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What are the three types of muscle?
- voluntary muscle
- involuntary muscle
- cardiac muscle
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muscle that can be consciously controlled
voluntary muscle
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muscle that automatically responds to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled
involuntary muscle
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specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
cardiac muscle
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the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
automaticity
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the area directly posterior to the mouth
oropharynx
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the area directly posterior to the nose
nasopharynx
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the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
pharynx
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a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
epiglottis
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the voice box
larynx
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the "windpipe"; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
trachea
120
the ring-shaped structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
cricoid cartilage
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the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place
lungs
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the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.
bronchi
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the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.
alveoli
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the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.
diaphragm
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an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.
exhalation
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the process of moving gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood.
ventilation
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the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells
respiration
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Breathing may be classified as __________ or ____________.
1. adequate (sufficient to support life)
| 2. inadequate (not sufficient enough to support life)
129
What comprises the cardiovascular system?
- the heart (cardio)
- the blood vessels (vascular)
- the circulatory system
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the two upper chambers of the heart.
atria
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Which area of the heart receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body?
the right atrium
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What area of the heart receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs?
the left atrium
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These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium
the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava (vena cavae is plural)
134
When the right ventricle contracts, where does it pump blood to?
out to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
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the two lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
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oxygen-rich blood is returned to the ________ __________.
left atrium
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The left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the _________.
aorta
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What is the stronges part of the heart and why?
The left ventricle because it must pump oxygen-rich blood to the entire body
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Between each atrium and ventricle there is a __________________.
one-way valve
140
a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
cardiac conduction system
141
any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
artery
142
blood vessels from the aorta that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)
coronary arteries
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the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
the aorta
144
the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
145
arteries carry blood _________ from the heart
away
146
veins carry blood _____ the heart
to
147
the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head
carotid arteries
148
what is the "pacemaker" of the heart?
the sinoatrial node
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The base of the heart is __________, and the apex is ___________.
superior, inferior
150
the major artery supplying the leg
femoral artery (femur --> femoral)
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artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR and used when determining blood pressure
brachial artery
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artery of the lower arm. It is felt when taking a pulse at the wrist.
radial artery (radius ----> radial)
153
artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle
posterior tibial artery
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artery supplying the foot. lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
dorsalis pedis artery
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the smallest kind of artery
arteriole
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a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place
capillary
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the smallest kind of vein
venule
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any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
vein
159
the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary veins
160
What is the path of oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the cells?
arteries > smaller arteries called arterioles > the arterioles branch into tiny capillaries
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What is the path of oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
capillaries > small veins > larger veins
162
What is the composition of the blood?
- Plasma
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
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the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
pulse
164
what are the peripheral pulses?
- radial
- brachial
- posterior tibial
- dorsalis pedis
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what are the central pulses?
carotid and femoral
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The force blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels.
blood pressure
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the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation.
systolic blood pressure
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the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
diastolic blood pressure
169
Which pressure is reported first (e.g.; 120/80)?
systolic
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Which pressure is reported second (e.g.; 120/80)?
diastolic
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the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
perfusion
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What vein is the exception to the rule that veins only carry oxygen-poor blood?
the pulmonary vein (it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart)
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inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries. Also called shock.
hypoperfusion
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A process where glucose is converted into energy in the cells in the form of ATP when oxygen is present. This process also produces minimal waste products such as carbon dioxide and water.
aerobic metabolism
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If oxygen is not present in a sufficient supply, this process will produce more waste (lactic acid) and less energy. More waste will in turn make the body more acidotic. Acidosis injures the body's cells and limits the blood's ability to carry oxygen.
anaerobic metabolism
176
What are the two types of nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
sensory and motor
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function.
autonomic nervous system
178
This nervous system function is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" response.
the sympathetic nervous system
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This nervous system function is often referred to as the "feed-or-breed" response.
the parasympathetic nervous system
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This muscular tube is divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, wich receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls.
small intestine
181
the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in the breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
liver
182
a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
gallbladder
183
a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.
pancreas
184
an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood.
spleen
185
a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.
appendix
186
the outer layer of skin
epidermis
187
What are the five functions of the skin?
1. Protection
2. Water balance
3. Temperature regulation
4. Excretion
5. Shock absorption
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the inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis
dermis
189
the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
subcutaneous layers
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a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.
epinephrine
