Emergency Exam

Question 1

be familiar with def. of Triage

Answer 1

the process of classifying a group of patients as to the severity of injury and need of care.

Question 2

the good samaritan law and who is protected

Answer 2

enated in most state to protect health professionals from legal liability when providing emergency first aid. Unless aids is done in a wrong manner.

Question 3

when u are assessing a pt in an emergency what is your first priority

Answer 3

ABC’s. Airway is priority.

Question 4

the only times you can stop CPR

Answer 4

• victim recovers
• EMT gets there
• Dr. gets there and states pt is dead.
• the rescuer is exhausted and cannot continue with CPR

Question 5

how much time do you need to begin CPR before pt is brain death can occur

Answer 5

Within 4 minutes, after 10 minutes pt is pronounced brain dead.

Question 6

which pulse do u use for CPR

Answer 6

the carotid

Question 7

what position u should put pt if thy are bleeding around nose and mouth

Answer 7

place pt on their side to promote airway clearance and blood drainage, if having trouble breathing elevate the head and shoulders.

Question 8

different types of shock

Answer 8

1. Hypovolemic Shock
2. Cardiogenic Shock
3. Neurogenic Shock
4. septic Shock
5. Psychogenic shock
6. Anaphylactic shock

Question 9

s/s of hypovolemic shock

Answer 9

• LOC changes
• skin changes (cyanosis, cool, clammy, ashen pale), -BP steady decrease, delayed capillary refill,
• pulse ( tachycardia, weak and thready), -respirations (increase respiratory rate, shallow, regular labored rapid rate)
• Oliguria in first 24hrs
• Dilated pupils, tremors, and weakness
• GI: thirst, nausea vomiting dry mucous membranes

Question 10

if u have a pt w/multiple injuries what is your priority

Answer 10

ABC’s

Question 11

what direct pressure means

Answer 11

Pressure is place directly on the injury site, raise arm or legs towards the heart.

Question 12

when someone has an injury, ex. bleeding, be familiar where the arteries are.

Answer 12

Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popletiel, dorsalis pedis

Question 13

know where to apply pressure

Answer 13

always check distal to the injury

Question 14

someone that is bleeding perfusly and try direct pressure and its not working, what would be your next step.

Answer 14

if direct pressure and elevation do not control bleeding, indirect pressure may be applied to any of the pressure points situated along main arteries.
Application of the tourniquet: must bee used only when the other methods have failed. DO NOT RELEASE

Question 15

know what position a pt should be in when having an epistaxis

Answer 15

high-fowlers with head tilted forward

Question 16

know another form to help with epistaxis

Answer 16

cold compress, but where? Over the nose

Question 17

with a laceration, what you need to do before its sutured?

Answer 17

irrigation and debridement, even out edges. remove excess skin and flaps.

Question 18

pt with foreign body stuck in their body, do you remove it?

Answer 18

no, you stabilize it. and cover to prevent infection

Question 19

what you would do with a patient that has a sucking wound to the chest

Answer 19

cover wound with a (airtight) dressing taped on three sides.

assess for tension pneumothorax

Question 20

when applying a dressing to the lower leg or foot, do the toes need to be covered?

Answer 20

No, because you want to check circulation.

Question 21

pt ingested a poisonous substance, what is your first action as a nurse

Answer 21

Call poison control, and ABC’s

Question 22

with edema around the face

Answer 22

is going to be priority because it can compromise air way

Question 23

difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

Answer 23

Heat exhaustion: Moist and clammy skin, Pupils dilated, Normal or subnormal temperature
Heat Stroke: Dry hot skin, pupils constricted, Very high body temperature

Question 24

frostbite, how do you warm up the body part?

Answer 24

warm part by immersion in warm water 104-110 , for 45 mins.

Question 25

difference types of burns

Answer 25

1st degree: Shallow partial burn: least serious involving only the outer layer
2nd degree: Deep partial: involves the entire first layer and some of the inner layer (dermis and epidermis)
3rd degree: Full thickness: involves dermis epidermis including fat muscle and bone.

Question 26

what the ratio is for one man CPR

Answer 26

30 : 2

Perform 30 compressions and 2 slow breaths for 4 cycles; check the pulse; if no pulse, continue

Question 27

pt that has sustained a head injury and beginning signs of shock, what position would you put them in?

Answer 27

Trendelenburg position, unless they have a head injury.

Question 28

pt that is suspected of drug and alcohol intoxication, what would be your actions?

Answer 28

Assess the substance consumed and the amount

Question 29

what creptasis is?

Answer 29

A grinding noise resulting from a broken bone rubbing on another bone.

Question 30

what RICE is

Answer 30

RICE used for strains and sprains:
Rest the effected extremity
Ice it
Compression with a compression bandage
Elevation above the level of the heart

Question 31

s/s of pneumothorax

Answer 31

sudden onset of chest pain made worse upon deep breath and cough, sob, cyanosis, chest tightness, tachycardia, nasal flaring, decrease breath sounds or no breath sounds on affected side, hypotension.

Question 32

with wounds, which one is at the highest risk of infection

Answer 32

Open wounds: Lacerations, punctures, abrasions, incisions, avulsions

Question 33

put in correct order, how you would initiate CPR on an adult

Answer 33

-determine responsiveness. Gently shake and shout. “are you okay?”
-call for help.
-Check for pulse
-Open the airway.
-to determine breathlesness: looks for the rise and fall of the chest, listen for sounds of breathing, feel for the warmth of the victims mouth against the cheek.
Breathing:
mouth-to-mouth ventilation is the quickest method of supplying oxygen to the victims lungs.
-rescuer takes a deep breath, seals the lips around the outside of the victims mouth, and give two full breaths lasting 1.5-2secs.

Question 34

dosage calculations

Answer 34

.

Question 35

pt with burns, what is the best diet, and know the foods for that diet

Answer 35

Concentrated, high-calorie foods. Vitamin A, B, C, Zinc, magnesium, and carbohydrates.

Question 36

Rule of 9s.

Answer 36

Head: 9%
Anterior trunk: 18%
Posterior truck: 18%
Arms (9% each): 18%
Legs (18% each): 36%
Perineum: 1%

Question 37

how many compressions on an infant with CPR

Answer 37

15 : 2, 4 cycles

Question 38

if pt is unresponsive, list in order what your actions should be?

Answer 38

-determine responsiveness. Gently shake and shout. “are you okay?”
-call for help.
-Check for pulse
-Open the airway.
-to determine breathlesness: looks for the rise and fall of the chest, listen for sounds of breathing, feel for the warmth of the victims mouth against the cheek.
Breathing:
mouth-to-mouth ventilation is the quickest method of supplying oxygen to the victims lungs.
-rescuer takes a deep breath, seals the lips around the outside of the victims mouth, and give two full breaths lasting 1.5-2secs.

Question 39

client that has been defibrillated what is your highest priority.

Answer 39

continue compressions.

Question 40

know different s/s of the types of shock

Answer 40

1. Hypovolemic Shock: c/o thirst, weakness, irritability, and restlessness. objective data: decreased BP, rapid, weak thready pulse, and rapid respirations. cold clammy with pallor is noted. Oliguria, mental disorientation.
2. Cardiogenic Shock: Dysrhythmias, chest pain, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, disorientation, diminished urine output, tachycardia, thready pulse, tachypnea, decreased BP, narrowed pulse pressure, cyanosis; cold, clammy, moist, pale skin, decreased peripheral pulses, cap refill time decreased.
3. Neurogenic Shock:
4. Septic Shock: increased temp,
5. Psychogenic shock
6. Anaphylactic shock: fall in BP, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, leading to cardiovascular collapse, MI, respiratory failure.

Question 41

which cases would be concerned of airway obstruction

Answer 41

Shocking, aspiration, unconscious person:tongue,

Question 42

know what bioterism is

Answer 42

deliberate release of viruses or bacteria or other germs to cause illness or death

Question 43

pt has a burn that is blistering, what is your first action?

Answer 43

cover the blister, do not pop it.