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Emergency medicine Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Antihypertensives if younger than 55 or t2D

A 
A
A+C or A+D
A+C+D
A = ACEi
C = CCB
D = thiazide diuretic
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2
Q

Anti-hypertensives if older than 55 or black African

A

C
C+A or C+D
A+C+D

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3
Q

Ix ischaemic bowel

A

CT angiogram

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4
Q

Which blood vessels are affected by ischaemic bowel

A

Splanchnic arteries or bifurcation of aorta

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5
Q

Sx ischaemic bowel

A

Severe abdo pain
Flank pain and haematuria
Signs of renal disease

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6
Q

Tx cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis

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7
Q

Sx cardiac tamponade

A

Beck’s triad (hypotension, quiet heart sounds, increased JVP)
SOB

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8
Q

Causes of cardiac tamponade

A

Cardiac wall rupture
Trauma
Dissection
Pericarditis

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9
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Pericardial effusion compresses heart

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10
Q

S/e ACEi

A

Dry cough

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11
Q

S/e B blockers

A

Contra indicated in asthma

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12
Q

Side effect CCBs

A

Flushing and headache

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13
Q

S/e furosemide

A

Hypokalaemia

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14
Q

S/e spironolactone

A

Hyperkalaeia

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15
Q

Extradural haemorrhage specifics

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (pterion)
Lucid interval
Craniotomy needed
Lemon shaped

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16
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage specifics

A

Thunderclap headache

Rupture of berry aneurysm

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17
Q

Subdural haematoma specifics

A

Banana shaped
Caused by venous rupture
Alcohol is risk factor

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18
Q

What type of shock is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Endotoxic

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19
Q

Which organism causes toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus

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20
Q

Sx toxic shock

A

Chills, myalgia, headache
Fever, tachycardia
Decreased SVR
Sunburn like rash

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21
Q

Sx CO poisoning

A

Headache, nausea and vomiting

Cherry red skin and lips

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22
Q

Sx aspirin overdose

A

Tinnitus, nausea and vomiting, tachypnoea

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23
Q

Acid-base for aspirin overdose

A

Respiratory alkalosis and anion gap metabolic acidosis

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24
Q

Treatment for aspirin overdose

A

Activated charcoal if less than an hour, if not then bicarbonate

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25
Antidote for ethylene glycol
Fomepizole
26
Antidote for opioids
Naloxone
27
Antidote for methanol
Fomepizole
28
Antidote for benzos
Flumenazil
29
Antidote for tricyclics
Bicarbonate
30
Antidote for aspirin
Bicarbonate
31
Antidote for b blockers
Atropine
32
Antidote for organophosphates
Atropine
33
Patient ha smacker bleed and is on warfarin, what do you do?
Stop warfarin - give vit K and prothrombin
34
Pt has INR >8 and minor bleeding but is on warfarin, what do you do?
Stop warfarin and give vit K | Restart warfarin when INR <5
35
Pt has no bleeding but INR > 8 and is on warfarin, what do you do?
Stop warfarin, give oral vit K
36
Pt is not bleeding but has INR 5-8 and is on warfarin, what do you do?
Withold 1-2 warfarin doses
37
How often can you give adrenaline ?
Every 5 mins
38
Adrenaline if <6 y/o
150 micrograms
39
Adrenaline if 6-11 y/o
300 micrograms
40
Adrenaline if adult
500 micrograms
41
How long do you listen to heart sounds for to confirm death?
2 mins
42
How long do you list to breath sounds for to confirm death?
3 mins
43
Dressler's syndrome
2-6 weeks post MI | Sx: fever, pleuritic pain, raised ESR
44
Most common cause of death after MI
VF
45
How to calculate total burn surface area
18 for each side of torso 4.5 for each side of arm/head 9 for each side of leg 1 for genitals
46
how to calculate fluid requirement for 24h
4 x body weight x TBSA
47
how quickly do you administer fluid replacement
Half of it should be in first 8h, half in following 16
48
what does 0.5% mean for local anaesthetics?
5mg 10% = 10mg/ml 20% = 20mg/mL
49
lidocaine max dose with and with our adrenaline
with is 7mg/kg | without is 5mg/kg - up to max of 200mg
50
bupivacaine max dose with and without adrenaline
2.5mg/kg without | 3mg/kg with
51
fasting period of clear liquids
2h
52
fasting time of most other foods
6h
53
warfarin considerations surgery
stop 5 days before, give LMWH post-op
54
how far before surgery should you stop aspirin
7 days
55
how far before surgery should you stop DOAC
2 days
56
How far before surgery should you stop COCP
4 weeks
57
Adult considerations for head CT
GCS <13, neurological deficit, seizure skull fracture 1+ vomiting
58
child considerations for head CT
GCS <14 3+ vomiting 5cm head laceration (if under 1yo)
59
where do you use 3/0 stitiches
trunk
60
where do you use 4/0 stitches
limbs
61
where do you use 5/0 stitches
hands
62
where do you use 6/0 stitches
face

AMK (33 decks)

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