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USMLE Rapid Review > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

s/e of corticosteroids

A

acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies

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2
Q

tx for DTs

A

BZDs

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3
Q

tx for acetaminophen overdose

A

n-acetylcystine

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4
Q

tx for opoid overdose

A

naloxone

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5
Q

tx for BZD overdose

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

tx for NMS and malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

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7
Q

tx for malignant HTN

A

nitroprusside

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8
Q

tx for atrial fibrillation

A

rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation

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9
Q

tx of SVT

A

if stable, rate control with vagal maneuvers; if unsuccessful, consider adenosine

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10
Q

causes of drug-induced SLE

A

INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine

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11
Q

most common organism in burn-related pts

A

pseudomonas

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12
Q

signs of neurogenic shock

A

hypotension and bradycardia

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13
Q

decreased CO, decreased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

hypovolemic shock

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14
Q

decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased peripheral vascular resistance

A

cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance

A

septic or anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

tx of septic shock

A

IVF and abx

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17
Q

tx of cardiogenic shock

A

identify cause; pressors (ie dopamine)

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18
Q

tx of hypovolemic shock

A

identify cause; IVF or blood

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19
Q

tx of anaphylactic shock

A

diphenhydramine or epi 1:1000

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20
Q

supportive tx for ARDS

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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21
Q

vitamin def - night blindness, dry skin

A

vit A

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22
Q

vitamin def - angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

A

vit B2 (riboflavin)

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23
Q

vitamin def - pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

A

vit B3 (niacin)

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24
Q

intoxication symptoms = emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts

A

intoxication from alcohol

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25
withdrawal symptoms = anxiety, tremor, seizures (lethal)
withdrawal from alcohol
26
intoxication symptoms = euphoria, resp/CNS depression, decreased gag reflex, PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION (miosis or pinpoint,
intoxication from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)
27
withdrawal symptoms = sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, flu-like illness, diarrhea
withdrawal from opoids (morphine, heroin, methadone)
28
intoxication symptoms = euphoria, grandiosity, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis, or > 4mm), prolonged wakefulness, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever
intoxication from amphetamines
29
withdrawal symptoms = anhedonia, increased appetitie, hypersomnolence
withdrawal from amphetamines
30
intoxication symptoms = impaired judgement, PUPILLARY DILATION (mydriasis or > 4mm), hallucinations (including tactile), paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death
intoxication from cocaine
31
intoxication symptoms = assaultive, belligerence, psychosis, vertical/horizontal nystagmus
intoxication from PCP
32
antidote for tylenol
n-acetylcysteine
33
antidote for acid/alkali ingestion
upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture
34
antidote for anticholintesterases, organosphosphates
atropine, pralidoxime
35
antidote for antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents
physostigmine
36
antidote for beta-blockers
glucagon
37
antidote for barbiturates
urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supprotive care
38
antidote for BZDs
flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal seizures)
39
antidote for carbon monoxide
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
40
antidote for cooper, arsenic, lead, and gold
penicillamine
41
antidote for cyanide
hydroxycobalamine, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate
42
antidote for heparin
protamine sulfate
43
antidote for INH
pyridoxine
44
antidote for iron salts
deferoxamine
45
antidote for lead
succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol
46
antidote for methanol/ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
EtOH, dialysis
47
antidote for TCAs. mechanism of action?
sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation --> mechanism is that sodium load will alleviate depressant actions on myocardial sodium channels; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; monitor for arrhythmias
48
antidote for theophylline
activated charcoal
49
antidote for tPA
aminocapronic acid
50
antidote for warfarin
vitamin K, FFP
51
major s/e's of aminoglycosides
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
52
major s/e's of beta-blockers
asthma exacerbation, masking of hypoglycemia, impotence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF
53
major s/e's of carbamazepine
agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity
54
major s/e's of CCBs
peripheral edema (-dipine), constipation, cardiac depression
55
major s/e's of chloramphenicol
gray baby syndrome
56
major s/e's of cisplatin
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
57
major s/e's of clonidine
severe rebound HTN/headache, and dry mouth
58
major s/e's of clozapine
agranulocytosis
59
major s/e's of cyclophosphamide
hemorrhagic cystitis (pre-treat w/ mesna)
60
major s/e's of digoxin
GI disturbance, yellow visual changes, arrhythmias (junctional tachycardia or SVT)
61
major s/e's of doxorubicin
cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy)
62
major s/e's of fluoroquinolones
tendon rupture; cartilate damage
63
major s/e's of furosemide
ototoxicity, hypoK, nephritis, gout
64
major s/e's of HCTZ
hypoK, hypoNa, hyperGLUC
65
major s/e's of hydralazine
drug-induced SLE (+ anti-histones)
66
major s/e's of INH
peripheral neuropathy (prevent w/ pyridoxine/vitB6), hepatotoxicity
67
major s/e's of MAO-I
HTN tyramine reaction, serotonin syndrome
68
major s/e's of rifampin
orange-red body secretions
69
major s/e's of TCAs
QRS prolongation --> arrhythmias, sedation, anticholinergic effects, seizures, coma, death
70
major s/e's of vancomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome
71
s/e's of cyclosporine vs tacrolimus (both calcineurin-inhibitors)
cyclosporine s/e include nephrotoxicity, hyperK, HTN, gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, and tremor. tacrolimus has similar toxicities except for hirsutism and gum hypertrophy
72
overdose that leads to mydriasis? overdose that leads to miosis?
mydriasis - amphetamines and cocaine | miosis - opoids

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