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USMLE Rapid Review > STEP 1 > Flashcards

STEP 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (low LDLr signaling)

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

Anterior “drawer” sign

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

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5
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrom (fibrillin defect)

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6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Secondary to erythropoeitin injection

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7
Q

Back pain, night sweats, fever, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

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8
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

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9
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

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10
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Byron line (lead poisoning)

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11
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of the bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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12
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

A

System lupus erythematosus

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14
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lish nodules (Irish hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+ pheochromocytoma, optic glioma

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15
Q

Café-Au-Lait spots, polyostotic fibrous displace, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation

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16
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Musclar dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

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17
Q

Cherry red spots on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

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18
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)

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19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)

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20
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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21
Q

Child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body

A

Slapped cheeks - erythema infectiosum/fifth disease disease: parvovirus B19

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22
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (aut. dominant CAG repeat expansion)

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23
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

Macrocell disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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24
Q

Cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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25
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [MS], unilateral [stroke]
26
viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe
HSV-1
27
most common cause of UTI? in young women?
E coli; staph saprophyticus
28
tumor of adrenal medulla kids vs adults
kids neuroblastoma (malignant) vs adults pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
29
most common thyroid cancer
papillary cancer
30
most common testicular cancer
seminoma
31
t(9;22)
philadelphia chromosome - bcr-abl fusion in CML
32
t(8;14)
c-myc activation in burkitt lymphoma
33
t(14;18)
bcl-2 activation in follicular lymphoma
34
pt w/ stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
ZE syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
35
most common site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
36
cancer associated w/ SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
37
S4 due to?
stiff ventricle (pressure overload)
38
S3 due to?
increased ventricular filling (volume overload)
39
associations w/ renal cell carcinomas
von-hippel-landau dz, cigarette smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, or ACTH)
40
anti-centromere antibodies
scleroderma (CREST)
41
anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
42
anti-GBM antibodies
goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
43
anti-histone antibodies
drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
44
anti-IgG antibodies
RA
45
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
46
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
microscopic polyangiitis and churg-strauss syndrome; granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (wegener's)
47
anti-smith and anti-dsDNA
SLE
48
antiplatelet antibodies
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
49
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
diffuse systemic scleroderma
50
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
celiac dz
51
apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray
colorectal carcinoma
52
bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis and + HLA-B27)
53
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
howell-jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or splenic dysfunction)
54
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
55
bloody tap on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
56
boot-shaped heart on x-ray
tetralogy of fallot or RVH
57
branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
58
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause horner syndrome)
59
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis
60
onion skinning periosteal reaction
ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
61
soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
62
pt w/ autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent nose bleeds and oral lesions, widespread AV malformations (usually mucous membranes, skin, GI, pulmonary leads to hemoptysis, and cardiac leading to R-->L shunt causing hypoxemia and reactive polycythemia), and diffuse telangiectasias
hereditary telangiectasia

USMLE Rapid Review (16 decks)

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