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Emergency > Emergency objectives > Flashcards

Emergency objectives Flashcards

1
Q

Components of glasgow coma score

A

Eye opening 1-4
Verbal response 1-5
Motor response 1-6

Severe: 3-8
Moderate: 9-13
Mild: 14-15

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2
Q

Types of shock

A

Hypovolemic: blood loss, fluids, third spacing
Cardiogenic: dysrrhythmias, MI
Obstructive: tension pneumo, pericardial disease, pulmonary blockages
Distributive: Septic shock, anaphylactic shock, neurogenic shock, vasodilatory drugs

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3
Q

Hypocalcemia

Eti, S/s, workup, manage

A

Eti: Renal, vit D, increase Phos, low mag, hypoPara, sequestration by pancrease, alkalosis, malabsorb
S/s: tetany, cramps, arrhythmias (long QT), hyperreflexia
Test: Chvostek and Trousseau’s
Workup: Mg, PTH, Vit D, phos, albumin, ionized Ca
Tx: Give Ca and Vit D

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4
Q

Hypercalcemia

Eti, S/s, workup, manage

A

Eti: HyperPTH, malignancy, thyrotoxicosis, Inc Vit D, bone destruction…
S/s: Renal stones, bone pain (moans), abdominal (groans), MS changes (psychiatric overtones).
Dx: PTH, phos, vit d, albumin, Ionized Ca, CXR, TSH
Tx: Urine excretion
Comp: cardiac arrhythmias

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5
Q

Hypokalemia

Eti, S/s, workup, manage

A

Eti: Diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, CKD, primary aldosteronism
S/s: paresthesias, muscle cramps, tetany
EKG: flat T waves, ST depression, U wave, atrial arrhythmias
Dx: Chemistries, urine, 24-hour urine
Tx: increase K+, check Ca, Mg

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6
Q

Hyperkalemia

Eti, S/s, workup, manage

A

Eti: Acute kidney failure, CKD, addison’s disease, EToH, Ace inhibitors, RBC destruction
S/s: paresthesias, muscle weakness, confusion, hyperactive DTRs, decreased strength
ECG: Peaked t-waves, PR prolongation, QRS widening, ventricular arrhythmias
Dx: Chem, urine, EKG, urinary output
Tx: Calcium gluconate/chloride for cardiac stability
possibly dialysis

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7
Q

Types of hyponatremia

A

Hypotonic: Low mOsm
Isotonic: Normal mOsm: pseudohyponatremia
Hypertonic: assess for hyperglycemia

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8
Q

Types of hypotonic hyponatremia

A

Hypovolemic: decreased water and sodium
Euvolemic: increased water, normal sodium
Hypervolemic: increased total body water

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9
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis
S/s:
Dx:
Tx:

A 
Abnormal hypoventilation:
- COPD
- Drugs
- Pneumonia
- Neuro disorders (guillain barre)
- Respiratory disfunction
S/s: somnolence, confusion, asterixis, myoclonus
Dx: up pCO2, down pH, up HCO3
Tx: mechanical ventilation
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10
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis
S/s:
Dx:
Tx:

A

Hyperventilation: CO2 is blown of faster
Eti: PE, prego, sepsis, hypoxemia, mechanical vent, anxiety, stimulation of respiratory center
S/s:may have symptoms of low Ca (perioral numbness, tetany, paresthesias)
Dx: low pCO2, high pH, low HCO3
Tx: Treat disorder, mechanical vent

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11
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis
S/s:
Dx:
Tx:

A

Body producing too much acid or not enough bicarb, increase lactic acid, ketoacids, or kidney failure.
S/s: Comp hyperventilation, kussmaul breathing
Dx: Low bicarb, low ph, low pCO2 (comp)
Tx: treat cause, buffer, hemodialysis

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12
Q

Mnemonic for metabolic acidosis

A 
M: methanol
U: Uremia (CKD)
D: Diabetic ketoacidosis
P: Propylene glycol
I: infection, iron, isoniazid, inborn errors of metabolism
L: Lactic acidosis
E: Ethylene glycol
S: salicylates
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13
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis
S/s:
Dx:
Tx:

A

Eti: requires both loss of H+ and maintance (impairment of renal HCO3 excretion, decreased GFR)
Vomiting: loss of acid, K+, Na+
S/s: no specific symptoms

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14
Q

Abdominal pain associated symptoms questions

A

N?V?D?C?CP?SOB?back pain?Urinary sx?

females: missed periods, vaginal bleeding or discharge

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15
Q

Abdominal pain questions

A

Po intake, anorexia, symptoms change with eating, is the pain constant or intermittent, what was the ride to ER like?
Medical history: GERD, history of ulcers
Surgical history: endoscopy, colonoscopy…

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16
Q

Abdominal pain physical exam

A

PE: mucous membranes, heart and lungs, CVA tenderness,
Lay down: Point where it hurts, check BS, rebound, guarding and peritoneal signs,
Check for testicular torsion

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17
Q

Abdominal pain ddx

A 
appendicitis
cholecystitis
pancreatitis 
diverticulitis
bowel obstruction
mesenteric ischemia
bowel perforation
kidney stone
gastritis
gastroenteritis
AAA
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18
Q

abdominal pain work up labs?

A

Abdominal lab set: pregnancy
UA: kidney
CBC: anemia, wbc for surgery prep
chem 10: hypokalemia = ileus, creatinine for CT prep
coags: pre-op lab, early sign of liver disease
lfts: cholecystitis workup
lipase: pancreatitis
vbg with lactate for older patients: screen for mesenteric ischemia

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19
Q

Pain control for abdominal pain

A

Morphine: frequent titrated doses
0.1mg/kg, 70kg male = 7-8mg
safer more conservative dose: 4mg IV, may repeat Q15minutes for 3 total doses PRN for pain
Hold for somnolence, hypoxia, or systolic blood pressure under 100
Zofran: 8mg IV with narcotics
Benedryl: for histamine response: 12.5-25mg IV for rash if needed

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20
Q

Abdominal pain imaging when required by quadrant?

A

LUQ: rigid abdomen or suspected obstruction
EpiG: rarely needs imagine: US RUQ to look for stones
RUQ: cholecystitis: US for stones or sludge
RLQ: appendicitis: usually iv contrast CT of abdomen and pelvis
suprapubic: UTI
LLQ: diverticulitis: CT with IV contrast
Flank pain: colic pain: kidney stones: CT abdomen/pelvis w/o contrast

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21
Q

If you have an elderly patient with HTN or afib that complains of intense abdominal pain but not a lot of tenderness, that get worse every time they eat: check?

A

VBG with lactate to screen for mesenteric ischemia

and get surgeons involved early

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22
Q

If the person has had multiple abdominal surgeries and vomiting with diffuse tenderness think?

A

Bowel obstruction: and CT with PO contrast if they can tolerate their kidneys can tolerate the contrast.

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23
Q

Elderly patient with HTN that present with back pain, abdominal pain, syncope or hematuria think what?

A

AAA
Have a low threshold to ultrasound patients
Aorta >2cm and symptomatic for AAA = OR immediately
Between 2-5cm and asymptomatic = need follow up
>5cm = surgical consult

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24
Q

OPQRST

A 
Onset
Provocation
Quality
Radiation
Severity
Time
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25
Q

Female specific qualities of abdominal pain

Additional questions to ask

A 
Vaginal bleeding, or discharge
Missed periods
Urinary symptoms
Fevers, chills
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, back pain
Pregnancy history
Sexual history
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26
Q

Sexual history

A

Ever had sex
Last time
How many partners
Get parents out of room

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27
Q

DDx female specific abdominal pain

A 
Ectopic pregnancy
Threatened abortion
Normal pregnancy
STDs: gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis
PID
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian cyst
Bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis
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28
Q

Female patient with:
- Sudden onset of lower abdominal or pelvic pain with nausea or vomiting
What should be suspected

A

Ovarian torsion
There is such a thing as intermittent torsion
- Negative US does not rule out ovarian or testicular torsion.
- Torsion is a clinical diagnosis, US can be helpful

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29
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia?

A

Standard for of care is to treat for both even if only treat positive for one.
Cervicitis:
- Ceftriaxone 125mg IM, 1g Azithromycin PO 1 dose
- Zofran can be given with for nausea

PID: (cervical motion tenderness)
- Ceftriaxone 250mg IM, Doxycyclin 100mg BID 14days

Shouldn’t have sex for 7 days, and partners should be tested and treated.

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30
Q

Tubo-ovarian abscess

S/s

A

Eti: usually a severe PID that has gone untreated and formed an abscess
S/s: low abd pain, vag discharge
In cases where suspicious of ovarian torsion, should be suspicious of tubo-ovarian abscess as well.
Tx: usually admitted and given IV abx, obgyn consult

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31
Q

trichomoniasis

A

Eti: motile organism on wet prep
s/s: itching, discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia, abd pain rare symptom
Tx: Flagyl, 2g 1 time dose, 500mg BID x 7days
- Don’t drink EtoH while on Flagyl

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32
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

Overgrowth of gardnerella vaginalis, replaces normal flora of lactobacilius
S/s: usually presents as malodors discharge
Dx: wet prep: clue cells
Tx: Flagyl, 2 g 1 time dose, 500mg BID x 7days

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33
Q

candidiasis

A

yeast infection, common after abx use
s/s: itching or discharge
dx: KOH; fungal elements
tx: 1 dose fluconizole 150mg PO, or topical treatment 7 days

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34
Q

Chest pain questions

A

OPQRST, what where you doing when the pain started
Associated symp: n/v/sweat/abd/back pain/syncope
Have you had this pain before
Past hx: htn, hyperL, MI, CHF,
Recent ECG, echo, stress test, catheterization
Medications:

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35
Q

DDX of chest pain: 6 most deadly

A 
Pulmonary embolism
Esophageal rupture
Tension pnuemo
MI
Aortic dissection
Cardiac tamponade
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36
Q

Physical exam for chest pain

A 
What is there volume status: heart and lung sounds, murmurs, JVD
Press on chest wall
Abdominal exam (AAA)
Back exam
Legs: edema or swelling (pitting)
Pulses: aortic dissection
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37
Q

Work up for chest pain

A

ECG and chest x-ray (esophageal rupture, pneumo)

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38
Q

Esophageal rupture (boerhaave’s syndrome)

A

Xray: free air under diaphragm, peritonitis on abdominal exam, history of recent forceful vomiting, alcoholics, recent endo

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39
Q

Aortic dissection
Risk
S/s
Dx

A

Risk: HTN, pregnancy, marfans, ellohrs danlos
S/s: ripping or tearing pain the radiates to the back
Difference of BP between L and R arms greater than 20mmHg.
Chest pain plus motor neuro deficit else wear in the body
Dx: CT chest with IV contrast

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40
Q

Cardiac tampanode

S/s

A

Becks triad: muffled heart sounds, jvd, hypotension (late finding)
Narrow pulse pressure

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41
Q

MI
S/s
Work up

A

Pressure, made worse by exersion, left side of body, diaphroesis, pain that radiates to the shoulder
Work up: ECG, chest xray, CBC, chem 10, coags, cardiac enzymes (troponins, ckmb

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42
Q

Initial treatment of suspected MI

A

325 aspirin past 24 hours
Nitroglycerin 0.4mg q5mintues x 3 doses (no ED meds)
morphin + zophran

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43
Q

Pulmonary embolism
s/s
risk

A

sx: pluritic chest pain all over the chest, tachycardia, tachypnea, SOB, hypoxia
risk: pregnancy, OCP’s, trauma, recent surgery, malegnancy

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44
Q

Pulmonary embolism

w/u

A

EKG
chest xray
cbc, chem 10, coags

45
Q

PE rule out criteria: PERC rule

A 
Breaths: can be used if low risk
blood in sputum
room air sat less than 95%
estrogen use
age greater than 50yo
thrombosis in the past, PE or DVT
heart rate greater than 100
surgery in last 4 weeks

Perc pos: d-dimer

46
Q

PE treatment

A

submassive: lovonox or heparin drip,
cardiac enzymes plus BNP

hemodynamicly unstable and PE: thrombolytics

47
Q

GI bleed ddx: upper gi

A

Esophageal varices
Mallory-weiss tear
peptic ulcer diease
Dieulafoy lesion

48
Q

Lower GI bleeding ddx

A

Arteriovenous malformation
Diverticulosis
Colon cancer
Hemorrhoids

49
Q

GI bleed PE

A 
VS: blood pressure, pulse, mental status
Nose and throat
Abdomen; peritoneal signs
Rectal exam and FOBT
Extremities: looking for signs of shock (cool clammy extremities)
50
Q

What should be done to a patient with suspected GIB?

A
  • 2 large bore IVs to establish access
  • Oxygen
  • Labs: for baseline: crossmatch, CBC, chem, coag,
  • ECG: in patients with CAD for signs of ischemia in GOB
51
Q

demarkation point between Upper GIB and Lower?

A

Ligament of treitz

52
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia

Etiology and pathogenesis

A

Eti: Blood supply to bowel is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands.
MC: is embolism to the superior mesenteric artery from the intracardiac thrombus from afib.
Path: necrosis of mucosa, later muscular and serosal layer, no longer effective barrier to intraluminal bacteria = generalized peritonitis.

53
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia history and PE

A

Hist: Acute onset of vague diffuse abdominal pain in an elderly patient with a history of CAD or afib.
Pain: classically described as being out of proportion to findings.
PE: Virtually normal except, vague mid to lower abdominal pain without peritoneal signs.

54
Q

DDX for acute mesenteric ischemia

A 
AMI
Peptic ulcer disease
pancreatitis
small bowel obstruction
volvulus
diverticulitis
cholecystitis
nephrolithiasis
ruptured AAA
55
Q

Diagnostics for AMI?
Lab features.., Gold standard?
Tx:

A

Labs: leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, lactate levels up
Gold standard: angiography!
Tx: O2, cardiac monitor, IV access, fluids, abx’s, nasogastric tube (gastric decompression)
Laparotomy and surgical embolectomy followed by resection of necrotic bowel.

56
Q

Angiography

A

IV contrast plus xray or flouroscopy.

The word itself comes from the Greek words ἀνγεῖον angeion, “vessel”, and γράφειν graphein, “to write” or “record”

57
Q

Epidemiology for cholecystitis

A

4 F’s: fat, female, fertile, forty

58
Q

What is a life threatening complication of cholecystitis?

A

Ascending cholangitis: obstruction of the common bile duct and infection of the duct

59
Q

Back pain physical exam?

A 
PE:
HEENT, h&L
Point where it hurts, middle or paraspinal muscles, CVA
Abdominal exam
Males: testicular exam, sensory exam of groin pubic, RE..
Motor and Sensory exam:
Strength: Hip flexor, and LE strength
Sensory: legs and feet
Straight leg raise test
60
Q

DDx back pain

A 
Start with assumption of serious cause work backward.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Aortic dissection
Renal colic
Cauda equina
Epidural abscess
Tumor or mass
Fracture
Pylo or UTI
Abdominal 
Zoster
Muscular skeletal
61
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Epi and classic symptoms

A

Epi: older adult with HTN
Low threshold for US
2-5cm who are symptomatic or >5cm urgent referral

62
Q

Aortic dissection

Epi and classic symptoms

A

Usually presents with chest pain, but can present with back pain, think with both.
s/s: think in patients with pulse or motor defects

63
Q

Renal colic

Epi and classic symptoms

A

Usually younger patients
Usually sudden onset of back or flank pain, CVA tender
Microscopic hematuria 70-80%
They look like they can’t get comfortable, writhing

64
Q

Cauda equina

A

Sudden onset of ripping or tearing back pain that has loss of bowel or bladder control, saddle anesthesia. Sudden loss of motor function.
Real life symptoms early: urinary retention followed by overflow incontinence.

65
Q

Epidural abscess

A

Pt. Fever back pain in an IV drug user

66
Q

Tumor or mass with back pain

Epi, s/s

A

Epi; Red flags (weight loss, night sweats, back pain at night, hx cancer), current history of active cancer.
S/s: motor deficits

67
Q

Back pain and fracture: who and when

A

Epi: trauma, older patient pointing to middle of back

68
Q

Pyelonephritis: basic symptoms

A

Back pain and fever, with or without urinary symptoms

69
Q

mnemonic for serious back pain etiology

A 
CRAFTI:
Cauda equina
Renal 
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm or Aortic dissection
Fracture
Tumor or mass
Infection
70
Q

Workup for back pain

A

UA, CBC, Chem 10 (really depends on clinical picture)

Imaging: Ultrasound, CT of aorta, plain films

71
Q

Definition of dizziness

A

Patient has sensation of room is spinning around them.

72
Q

Dizziness questions

A 
when it started
how suddenly
constant or comes and goes
had before
neuro symptoms
tinnitus, loss of hearing
= central vs peripheral vertigo
73
Q

Peripheral vertigo vs central

A

Peripheral: dysfunction in patients ear: BPPV
Central: central nervous system: tumor, stroke, intracrania bleeding
Peripheral (not as serious): central (more serious)
Peripheral: suggested by acute onset, feeling really bad, episodic
Central: continuous, gradual in onset

74
Q

Components of peripheral vertigo

A 
Sudden
Severe
Seconds to minutes
Horizontal nystagmus
Worsened by certain head positions
No neuro findings
Auditory: may have tinnitus or decreased hearing
75
Q

Components of central vertigo

A 
Gradual onset
Mild intensity
Duration weeks to months
Nystagmus: horiz, vert, or rotary
No relation to head position
Usually neuro findings
Auditory: usually none
76
Q

Dizziness PE

A

Don’t forget the ears
Neuro exam:
(focus points: finger to nose, rapid alternating movements, pronator drift, walking the patient) = posterior stroke worry.
Testing of EOM: look for nystagmus. BPPV = horizontal only.
(Induction of dizziness with EOM and resolution with visual fixation)

77
Q

Ddx of dizziness serious central etiologies?

A 
Central etiologies:
Tumor/mass/intracranial bleeding
Carotid or vertebral artery dissection
Cerebellar stroke
Infection
78
Q

DDx of dizziness peripheral etiologies

A

Benign paroxysmysal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Acute otitis media (ear pain and bulging TM)
Labrynithitis (usually have preceding URI sympt) dizziness with hearing loss
Perilymphatic fistula (hearing loss, worse with valsalva)
Meniere’s: Triad: dizziness, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, waxing and wanes over years.
Ear canal foreign body: anything that irritates TM

79
Q

Dizziness workup

A

Labs: usually low yield

Imaging: central? CT non-con head CT,
MRI for cerebellar or posterior stroke.

80
Q

Treatments used to treat dizziness

A 
Meclizine (Antivert): antihistamine with anti-emetic properties
25mg PO  BID
Diazepam (valium): 5mg PO TID
Ondansetron (Zofran): 4 to 8mg PO Q6hr
Epley maneurver: hand out
81
Q

Syncope definition

A

Rapid loss of consciousness followed by rapid return to baseline

82
Q

Syncope hx:

A

Differentiate between dizziness, lightheaded, or syncope
Pt. describe in their own words what happened
Stressors: emotion, hydration, food
Associated symptoms
Duration of being out, seizures?
Postictal state?
Syncope w/ HA or with neuro symptoms, with CP, BP complete ROS
Past med hx: seizures, DM, stroke/tia, MI, known AAA, family hx of heart disease (sudden cardiac death).

83
Q

PE for patient with syncope

A

check head for trauma
neuro exam
heart for murmurs (and while bearing down and squatting)
head to toe exam (checking for back and abd tenderness)

84
Q

Ddx syncope

A 
Seizure
SubA/intracranial hemorrhage
Ruptured AAA
Aortic dissection
Stroke/TIA
GI bleed
MI
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary embolism
Arrhythmia
Carotid sinus sensitivity
Hypoglycemia
Sepsis
Toxicologic
Orthostatic hypotension
85
Q

Syncope workup

A

pay special attention to cardiac etiology
Every patient need at least: ECG, and bHCG(if women)

Tests to add to older patients:
CBG, CBC, Chem 10, UA, non-con head CT

86
Q

ECG of patient with syncope: 4 things to look for?

A

Prolonged QT: higher chance of PVC falling on T wave
(Long QT: males: longer than 440ms, females: 460ms)
10-11 small squares on paper
(T wave within first 1/2 between R-R interval)

Look for Wolf parkinson white (delta wave before QRS)

Brugada syndrome: young otherwise healthy individual without heart disease with episode of syncope
EKG: (RBBB pattern and ST elev V1-V3)

HCOM: Young and healthy athlete
ECG: Large R waves in V4-V6 or AVL, deep q waves in lateral leads

87
Q

Disposition patients with syncope

A

Patients over 50 should probably be admitted, definitely over 65

88
Q

San Francisco Syncope Rule

A 
CHESS
CHF
Hematocrit <30
EKG abnormalities
SOB
Systolic BP
89
Q

Rehydration in the ED

A

Clinical signs of dehydration:

most sensitive sign: tachycardia

90
Q

Acetaminophen overdose
S/s
W/u:
Tx:

A

Delayed hepatic injury 24-72 hrs later
S/s: may be asx, anorexia, n/v, RUQ pain, hepatic necrosis (jaundice, LFTs)
W/u: LFTs (AST>ALT), serum acetaminophen level, 4 hr post ingestion level, use nomogram to predict severity
Tx: if 4hr > 150, start N-acetylcysteine (12-16 hrs of ingestion)

91
Q

Aphetamines/stimulates overdose:
S/s:
W/u:
Tx:

A

Sympathomimetic (like cocaine)
s/s: psychomotor agitation, euphoria, mydriasis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, possible seizures
W/u: serum drug level not helpful. ECG, cardiac enzymes, check urine for myoglobin
Tx: Supportive (cooling, sedation w/benzos, hydration), no specific antidote. Propranolol if v-tach.

92
Q 
Sedative overdose (benzos)
Tx:
A

Flumazepil

93
Q

Carbon monoxide
S/s
W/u
Tx:

A

Hx: multiple individuals same location
S/s: tachypnea, flu like sxs, CNS symp, vomiting, (cherry red oral mucosa)
W/u: VBG, chem, trops, CK, ECG, ct
Tx: 100% O2 by nrb, hyperbaric therapy

94
Q

Salicylates overdose
S/s
W/u
Tx

A

ASA, oil of wintergreen, pepto
Toxicity >150mg/kg
S/s: n/v, tinnitus, tachyC, hyperthermia, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis (turning into metabolic acidosis
W/u: serum salicylate
Tx: ABCs, treat electrolyte inbalances, activated charcoal
Severe tx: hemodialysis

95
Q

Opiates overdose
s/s
w/u
tx

A

consider in ams patient with pinpoint pupils
S/s: CNS depression, miosis, respiratory depression, hypothermia, hypoT, bradyC
W/u: blood/urine levels
Tx: ventilation and/or naloxone

96
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants overdose

A

3 C’s: Cardiac abnormalities, convulsions, coma

Tx: supportive, cardiac monitoring, sodium bicarb if arrhythmias

97
Q

Alcohol overdose

A

CNS depressant
S/s: ataxia, dysarthria…
W/u: serum ethanol, osmolar/anion gap metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia
Tx: Supportive, thiamine (wernickes aphasia), IV glucose (if hypoglycemic)

98
Q

cocaine overdose

A

Sympathomimetic

Tx: cooling, sedation w/ benzos, hydration

99
Q

cyanide overdose

A

S/sx: CNS, CV, respiratory, n/v,
w/u: lactate, VBG, ABG
Tx: Hydroxocobalamin, sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrate

100
Q

organophosphates

A

Tx: airway, pralidoxime, atropine

101
Q

poisonous mushrooms

A

s/s: GI, CNS,

Tx: activated charcoal, benzo, atropine

102
Q

Heavy metal overdose

A

Tx: chelation therapy w/ deferoxamine

103
Q

sympathomimetic syndrome

A

Too many adrenergic signals
Adrenergic signs: mydriasis (dialation of pupil), diaphoresis, psychosis, paranoia, bruxism (grinding of teeth), CV, HA, arrhythmias

104
Q

sympatholytic syndrome

A

blocks anything to do with epi

S/s: orthostatic hypoT, fatigue, sedation, respiratory dep

105
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

increased serotonergic activity in CNS
S/s: mental status changes, diaphoresis, tachyC, hyperthermia, HTN, v/d, mydriasis, dry MM, flushed skin, myoclonus, hyperreflexia

106
Q

When to use activated charcoal

A

<60 mins after ingestion

- salicylates, poisonous mushrooms…

107
Q

What does decorticate represent on GCS

A

Definition: To remove the cortex

In GCS: abnormal flexion of the arms, scoring 3 on motor response

108
Q

What does decerebrate represent on GCS

A

Definition: to remove the brain or to cut the spinal cord.

In GCS: arms extended to sides, scoring 2 on motor response

Emergency (14 decks)

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