Emerging vector-borne diseases Flashcards
What is a vector-borne disease?
- A disease caused by a pathogen spread by an arthropod host (insect, tick, crustacean)
- Not a disease with an intermediate host (eg, snail)
- Not a disease caused by an arthropod itself (eg, scabies, fly strike, myiasis)
Name the parasite that causes Lyme disease
Ixodes ricinus
Lyme disease is also called?
Borreliosis
What are the 4 stages of Ixodes Ricinus’s life cycle?
- Obligate blood-feeder
- Eggs hatch to 6 legged larvae
- Moult to 8 legged nymph
- Then adult
Ixodes ricinus affects which mammalian spp?
Sheep and dogs
What are the clinical signs of lyme disease?
- Fever
- Lameness
- Joint swelling
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Lethargy
- Inappetence
3 vectors of babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are?
Ixodes ricinus
Dermacentor reticulatas
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Which factors drive the emergence of other hard tick-borne diseases?
- Spread of ticks – related to climate
- Increased numbers and spread of hosts
- Increased movements of animals (eg, dogs)
- Spread of viruses or ticks by migratory birds
- Changes in international regulations – stopping of tick treatments for imported dogs
Name the tick that is a vector of African swine fever
Ornithodorus
Describe African swine fever
Causes fatal haemorrhagic disease of pigs (up to 100% mortality)
Spread by aerosols
What are the 2 main factors which drive the emergence of African swine fever?
- Global movement of goods
- Poor biosecurity
What is the genus and species of the Asian Tiger mosquito?
Aedes albopictus
West Nile virus is transmitted by?
Culex mosquitos
What are the natural hosts of west nile virus?
Birds
Define anautogenous and autogenous
anautogenous = requires a blood meal autogenous = no need for a blood meal
