emigration - push and pull factors

Question 1

highland/lowland clearances

Answer 1

push
some forced from their land preferred to leave scotland entirely to continue rural life rather than move to urban scotland

Question 2

prison

Answer 2

push
7600 scots were sent to australia as prisoners by 1847 and many stayed once released as they couldn’t afford to come home or wanted to start a new life.

Question 3

overpopulation and living standards

Answer 3

push
scotlands industrial cities e.g glasgow we’re very overcrowded with scots living in poor quality tenement housing which contributed to the spread of disease.

Question 4

assisted passages

Answer 4

push
charities, governments and the church of scotland all provided funds for transport costs to certain groups of scot’s who wanted to emigrate. they wanted to seize the one chance opportunity

Question 5

emigration agents

Answer 5

pull
in 1892 the canadian government appointed 2 full time agents in scotland who undertook tours to explain the benefits of moving to canada

Question 6

kinship

Answer 6

pull
family would write letters back home. they would exaggerate the benefits of emigrating.

Question 7

jobs

Answer 7

pull
many new towns and cities were being established in canada, created high demand for skilled workers, especially masons.

Question 8

revolution in transport

Answer 8

pull
in 1850 it took 6+ weeks to cross the atlantic ocean but 1914 the crossing could be done in less than one week.

Question 9

wages

Answer 9

pull
a granite worker could earn the equivalent of a scottish weeks wage in a day and a half by emigrating to north america

Question 10

discovery of gold

Answer 10

pull
gold was discovered in california 1849 and in australia 1851. scot’s wanted to find gold and become rich