migration - push and pull factors

Question 1

famine

Answer 1

push
1846-1858 potato blight wiped out potato crop on west coast & highland areas. left 150,000 at risk of starvation

Question 2

highland/lowland clearances

Answer 2

push
increases in financial pressures were placed on landlords. as a result tenants were removed to make room for cattle etc. could be violent

Question 3

decline of fishing

Answer 3

push
1917 russian revolution brought end to east european export herring trade. many in the coastal fishing industries lost their jobs/incomes. these ares almost solely depended on fishing.

Question 4

mechanisation

Answer 4

push
22 workdays required to farm 1 acre of land in 1840 but by 1914 it took 12 as many jobs were being done by machines. fewer workers needed.

Question 5

highland housing

Answer 5

push
many highlanders lived in black houses. they had no chimney for smoke from fire to escape. we’re often shared between people and livestock.

Question 6

leisure

Answer 6

pull
young people began to see rural life as boring. access to radio gave young people in rural areas info about leisure facilities like pubs, cinemas and dancehalls that were available in cities.

Question 7

wages

Answer 7

pull
wages for farm workers in the lowlands were very low. wages in industries such as coal, iron and steel works etc were up to 50% higher.

Question 8

education

Answer 8

pull
education act of 1872 made education compulsory for primary children. accessing schools was difficult in rural areas as they were often far away and poorly funded