Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
(44 cards)
in interacting with others,
we use emotional expressions as powerful nonverbal communications
humans’ evolutionary need to belong to social groups
survival was enhanced for those who lived in groups; those who were
expelled would have been less likely to survive and pass along their genes
emotion
A strong feeling. Typically interrupt whatever is
happening, or trigger changes in thought and behavior
mood
A diffuse, longer-lasting state of mind or feeling.
Rather than interrupting what is happening, they
influence thought and behavior.
primary emotions
Emotions that are evolutionarily
adaptive, shared across cultures, and
associated with specific physical states.
ex: anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness
Secondary emotions
blends of primary emotions: remorse, guilt, submission, anticipation
circumplex map
one proposed mapping of emotions, with 2 dimesions of affect: valence and activation
valence
how positive or negative an emotion is
qualitative metric
activation (arousal)
physiolgical activation (increased brain activity) or increased autonomic responses (increased heart rate, sweating, muscle tension)
quantitative metric
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
a person’s interpretation of the physical changes in a situation leads that person to feel an emotion
ex: when a grizzly bear threatens you, you start to sweat, experience a pounding hear, and run. these responses generate the emotion of fear
facial feedback hypothesis
implication of the James-Lange Theory
if you mold your facial muscles to mimic an emotional state, you activate that emotion, even if its forced
proposes that facial expressions trigger the experience of emotions, not the other way around,
evidence against the James-Lange Theory
little difference in the physiological responses associated with different emotions, such as anger, fear, and sorrow
Cannon-bard theory
proposes that the mind and body experience emotions independently
the info form an emotion-producing stimulus is processed in subcortial structures so we experience two separate things at roughly the same time: an emotion and a physical reaction
ex: when a grizzly bear threatens you, you experience the physical reaction of arousal (heart pounding, trembling) and the emotion of fear
prefrontal cortex
right and left prefrontal cortices are associated with neg and pos affect aka cerebral asymmetry
people also can be dominant in one hemisphere of their frontal lobes and that dominant hemisphere can bias their emotions
amygdala
a subcortical structure that processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions
brain structure most important for emotional learning (cc)
damage to the amyygdala
some people still show fear when confronted with dangerous objects, but they do not develop conditioned fear responses to objects associated with dangerous objects
ex: study participants receive an electric shock each time they see a picture of a blue square.
usually, the participant will develop a CR to the blue square, but people with amygdala damage do not show classical conditioning to the blue square
two pathway theory
Some theories posit that that when sensory information reaches the
thalamus, it can take two paths.
The fast path and the slow path enable us
to assess and respond to emotion-producing stimuli in different ways.
evidence against cannon board theory
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, the
information from an emotion-producing stimulus is
processed in subcortical structures.
This assumes that the amygdala is capable of processing
visual information, (along the ‘fast path’) all on its own
By suggesting that the ‘Fast Path’ component of the
subcortical model directly feeds visual information
to the Amygdala, it ignores the complexity involved
in the processing of inputs.
As we learned, transforming sensation into a
meaningful percept involves a huge chunk of cortex
to carry out.
2 factor theory
A situation evokes a physiological response and an emotion label
whatever the person believes caused the emotion will determine how the person labels the emotion
a person experiences physiological changes, applies a cognitive label to explain those changes and translates that label into an emotion
ex: a grizzly bear approaches you, you then experience arousal (heart pounds, trembles), you apply a cognitive label (“That is a scary bear. Im afraid of it!), then you label your emotion, which would be fear
prediction of the two factor theory
physical states caused by a situation can be attributed to the wrong emotion
misattribution of arousal
when people misidentify the source of their arousal
need
a state of biological or social deficiency. needs lead to goal-directed behaviors
need hierarchy
arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs
needs pyramid
1) physiological needs (hunger, thirst)
2) safety
3) belonging and love
4) esteem
5) self actualization (living to full potential)
