Emotion - Chp. 10 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Affective Neuroscience?
The study of the neurobiological basis of emotions.
PTSD?
A clinical condition that emerges following the experience of one of more traumatic, stressful events. Symptoms include heighted arousal, emotional numbness, avoidance of event reminders, and persistent reexperiencing of the traumatic event(s).
Emotion?
A set of physiological responses, action tendencies, and subjective feelings that adaptively engage humans and other animals to react to evens of biological and/or individual significance.
Basic Emotion?
An emotion that is innate, pan-cultural, evolutionary old, shared with other species, and expressed by a particular physiological pattern and facial configuration.
Complex Emotion?
An emotion that is learned, socially and culturally shaped, evolutionary new, and typically expressed by a combination of the response patterns that characterize basic emotions.
Valence?
The degree of pleasantness of a stimuli.
Arousal?
The degree of intensity of an emotion.
Vector Models?
A way to graphically represent the relationships among emotions by ordering them along two orthogonal axes of positive and negative valence.
A vector model is a way to show how different emotions are related to each other using a simple graph. In this model, emotions are placed on a chart with two main directions:
Valence: This is about whether an emotion feels good (positive) or bad (negative).
Arousal: This is about how intense the emotion is, from calm to very excited or energetic.
Think of it like plotting emotions on a map. Emotions that feel good (like happiness) are on one side, and emotions that feel bad (like sadness or anger) are on the other. Some emotions are more intense (like excitement), while others are calmer (like relaxation). The vector model helps organize emotions in a simple, visual way to understand their relationships.
Circumplex Model?
A way to graphically represent the relationships among emotions by ordering them along the circumference of a circle formed by intersecting two orthogonal axes of valence and arousal at the circle’s center.
The Circumplex Model is a way to show how different emotions are connected to each other using a circle. In this model, emotions are placed around the circle, and two main factors help organize them:
- Valence: Whether the emotion feels good (positive) or bad (negative).
- Arousal: How intense the emotion is, from calm to very excited.
Imagine the circle like a clock. Emotions that feel good are on one side, and emotions that feel bad are on the opposite side. The emotions that are very intense (like excitement) are on one part of the circle, while calmer emotions (like relaxation) are on another part. The model helps show how emotions are related and how they differ in terms of feeling good or bad and how intense they are.
Startle Response?
A behavioral reaction to sudden, intense auditory or visual stimulus that is mediated by a subcortical reflex circuit.
James-Lange Theory?
A theory, developed by William Hames and Carl Lange in the 1880’s, positing that emotions are determined by the pattern of feedback from the body periphery to the cerebral cortex.
We experience emotions as a result of feedback from our muscles and organs.
Hypothalamus?
A collection of small but critical nuclei in the diencephalon that lies just inferior to the thalamus; governs reproductive, homeostatic, and circadian functions.
Thalamus?
A collection of nuclei that forms the major component of the diencephalon. Has many functions; a primary role is to relay sensory information from the periphery to the cerebral cortex.
Sham Rage?
An emotional reaction elicited in cats by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, characterized by hissing, growling, and attack behaviors directed randomly toward innocuous targets.
Cannon-Bard Theory?
Also called diencephalic theory. A theory of emotion, developed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920’s, emphasizing the role of the hypothalamus and related parallel processing routes for emotional expression and emotional experience.
Suggested emotional stimuli are processed simultaneously by the cortex and hypothalamus to create independent feelings & physiological reactions.
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?
A rare behavioral syndrome following damage to the anterior temporal lobe that includes a lack of appreciation for the motivational significance of objects in the environment, hyperorality, and altered sexual behavior.
Visual agnosia, inappropriate touch behavior, hyperactivity & hypersexual, and reduced aggressive and defensive behavior.
Limbic System Theory?
The theory positing that structures of the limbic forebrain constitute a system that generates emotions.
Hippocampus?
A specialized cortical structure located in the medial portion of the temporal lobe; in humans, concerned with declarative memory, among many other functions.
Right Hemisphere Hypothesis?
A hypothesis positing that the right hemisphere is specialized for emotional functions.
Prosody?
The fluctuating pitch of speech, often associated with emotion.
Valence Hypothesis?
A hypothesis postulating that positive emotions are preferentially processes in the left hemisphere and negative emotions are preferentially processed in the right hemisphere.
Ventricle Integration Model?
A model of emotion that integrates cortical, subcortical, and visceral processes.
Basically, a way to explain how different parts of the brain and body work together to create emotions.
Fear Conditioning?
A form of emotional learning in which fear responses are acquired to cues that predict the occurrence of an aversive stimulus.
Amygdala?
A collection of nuclei in the temporal lobe that forms part of the limbic system; its major functions concern autonomic, emotional, and sexual behavior.
