Hot vs. Cool Function - Chp. 13 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Executive Function?
The cognitive functions that allow flexible and goal-directed control of thought and behavior.
Prefrontal Cortex?
Cortical regions in the frontal lobe that are anterior to the primary motor and premotor cortices; thought to be involves in planning complex cognitive behaviors and in the expression of personality and appropriate social behavior.
Monitoring?
The process that evaluates the appropriateness of a given behavior of the current context; examples include evaluating the accuracy of answers generated during a memory test or the adequacy of a response in rule in an executive function paradigm.
Phrenology?
Originating in the early nineteenth century, the attempt to create maps of brain function based on the pattern of bumps and valleys on the surface of the skull.
Posterior Parietal Cortex?
The region of the parietal cortex surrounding the intraparietal sulcus.
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex?
A functional division of the prefrontal cortex roughly corresponding to the middle and superior frontal gyri, as located anterior to motor cortex and the frontal eye fields.
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex?
A functional division of the prefrontal cortex roughly corresponding to the inferior frontal gyrus and surrounding sulci, as located anterior to motor cortex.
Orbitofrontal Cortex?
The division of the prefrontal cortex that lies about the orbits in the most rostral and ventral extension of the sagittal fissure; important in emotional processing and decision making.
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex?
The ventral portion of the prefrontal cortex surrounding the hemispheric midlines; plays a key role in the control of emotions and social behavior.
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex?
A functional division of the prefrontal cortex roughly corresponding to the medial surface dorsal to the corpus callosum.
Frontopolar Cortex?
The most anterior part of the prefrontal cortex.
Dysexecutive Syndrome?
Also called frontal dysexecutive syndrome. A collection of behavioral signals and symptoms, typically cause by damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; manifested by an inability to change behavior willfully and flexibly according to context.
Confabulation?
In patients with memory disorders, the generation of false memories for complex autobiographical events.
Disinhibition Syndrome?
Also called frontal disinhibition syndrome. A collection of behavioral signs and symptoms, typically causes by damage to the ventral prefrontal cortex; manifested by a loss of control, inappropriate outbursts, and a lack of inhibition in social settings.
Abulia?
A symptom of brain damage, often to the frontal lobes, that manifests as flat affect, limited willpower, and reduced motivation.
Schizophrenia?
A heterogeneous psychiatric condition characterized by disordered thought, withdrawal symptoms, and inaccurate beliefs about reality.
ADHD?
A childhood disorder of unknown cause characterized by impulsiveness, short attention span, and continual activity.
Acquired Sociopathy?
A personality change, often following focal damage to the frontal lobes, in which a person’s behavior becomes sociopathic.
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test?
A cognitive test that involves classifying a set of cards, each showing one or more images of a simple shape, into categories based on rules that periodically change throughout the session.
Perseveration?
The repetition of a response despite changing stimuli or rules that make a different response more appropriate.
Somatic Marker Hypothesis?
A theory, first advocated by Antonio Damasio and his colleagues, that motivated behavior is influenced by neural representations of body states, whose reexperiencing can shape behavior positively or negatively; the hypothesis that evaluation of one’s own body states makes important contributes to decision making.
Reversal Learning?
The capacities for recognizing that the rules mapping environmental events to behavior have changed and for adjusting behavior accordingly.
Error-related Negativity (ERN)?
An electrophysiological marker that occurs when participants make errors in cognitive tasks.
Volatility?
The degree to which the rules governing environmental events are changing or stable over time.
