emotions

Question 1

Phineas Gage received damage on …

Answer 1

medial prefrontal lobes

Question 2

Darwin’s Theory of the Evolution of Emotional Expression

Answer 2

• Expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do
• If emotional signals are beneficial, they will evolve to more effectively communicate and may lose their original meaning

Question 3

Threat displays are beneficial because

Answer 3

they intimidate victims without the costs and risks of fighting

Question 4

Common sense view

Answer 4

Stimulus triggers emotion which triggers physiological reaction

stimulus->emotion->physiological reaction

Question 5

James-Lange Theory

Answer 5

Stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response which triggers emotion

Autonomic/skeletal response necessary for emotion

simulus–>physical response/autonomic–>emotion

Question 6

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 6

Stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response and emotion

they are independent of each other

Question 7

Modern Biopsychological View

Answer 7

Stimulus, emotion and physiological reaction all interrelated.

all of these things interact
all of these things effect each other and their perception

Question 8

Cutting off cerebral cortex of cats results in

Answer 8

mad raging cats! due to hypothalamus being cut a little bit and damaged

Question 9

complete removal in hypothalamus results in…

Answer 9

no shame rage

Question 10

the role of hypothalamus on aggression

Answer 10

important for aggressive responses

Question 11

Role of cortex on aggresion

Answer 11

cortex directs the aggression

Question 12

Limbic System Theory of Emotion

Answer 12

emotional expression is controlled by several interconnected nuclei and tracts that surround the thalamus

Question 13

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome results from

Answer 13

bilateral damage to anterior temporal lobes

Question 14

Major symtoms of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 14

objects into mouth, memory loss, extreme sexual behavior, placidity (flat emotion), visual distractibility

rare

Question 15

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for…

Answer 15

Location of sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 16

Control-question technique

Answer 16

Response to a target question vs. control question
Example: “Did you steal the purse?”
Success rate - 80%

Question 17

Guilty knowledge technique

Answer 17

more accurate technique

Response to detail known by guilty

Example: “Where do you think the purse was found…in the bathroom? In the locker? In the office?”

Success rate - 88%

Question 18

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 18

smiling makes you happier; facial muscles influence emotional experience

Question 19

Microexpressions

Answer 19

brief facial expressions reveal true feelings; may break through false ones

Question 20

Duchenne

Answer 20

sincere and genuine

real smiles

Question 21

Fear

Answer 21

emotional reaction to threat

Question 22

Aggressive behaviors

Answer 22

designed to threaten or harm

Question 23

Social aggression

Answer 23

unprovoked attacks on members of one’s own species to establish dominance

Question 24

Defensive behaviors

Answer 24

designed to protect from threat or harm (motivated by fear)

Question 25

Colony-intruder model of aggression

Answer 25

aggression and defense in rats Study interaction between alpha male of an established colony with a small male intruder Alpha male becomes aggressive to the “intruder” rat

Question 26

Target-site concept

Answer 26

aggressive behaviors designed to attack specific sites on body, defensive to protect specific sites Observation of cats and mice

Question 27

the effect testosterone has on social aggression in humans

Answer 27

Does not decrease with castration or increase with testosterone injections has no effect on social aggression Violent criminals and aggressive male athletes may have high testosterone levels, but may be result (not cause) of aggressive behavior

Question 28

the problem with testosterone is that it is...

Answer 28

hard/difficult to measure

Question 29

Fear conditioning

Answer 29

establishment of a fear response to a previously neutral stimulus

Question 30

Fear conditioning to auditory stimulus must reach

Answer 30

medial geniculate nucleus, but not necessarily auditory cortex

Question 31

medial geniculate nucleus sends information to the....

Answer 31

amygdala and the auditory cortex

Question 32

hypothalamus triggers...

Answer 32

hormones for fight or flight

Question 33

Lesions of amygdala results in....

Answer 33

stops fear conditioning

Question 34

what happens if we damage our auditory cortex?

Answer 34

we can still respond to “emergency” sound threatening sounds

Question 35

Contextual fear conditioning

Answer 35

conditioning fear to a location

Question 36

if the hippocampus is damaged...

Answer 36

we will not develop contextual fear conditioning bc hippocampus is involved with spatial memory

Question 37

Lateral nucleus of the amygdala is involved in...

Answer 37

the acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear; Receives info from prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus

Question 38

Prefrontal cortex role of fear....

Answer 38

suppresses fear

Question 39

Hippocampus role of fear...

Answer 39

mediate learning about context

Question 40

when you experience an emotion or empathize with another which cortex's are active

Answer 40

Motor and sensory cortex activate emotions allow you to feel sensory and may have motor effect Ex: breaking up with someone will actually show emotional pain and phys reponse (increased heart rate…sweat)

Question 41

Motor and sensory activation w/ emotion

Answer 41

embodiment of emotion – you experience motor, autonomic, and sensory sensations associated with the emotion

Question 42

amygdala is important for the ____________ or fear

Answer 42

perception social fear all negative emotions

Question 43

Urbach-Wiethe disease

Answer 43

calcification of amygdala causes loss of recognition facial expression and loss of recognition of fear

Question 44

Medial Prefrontal Lobes include...

Answer 44

orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex

Question 45

the interaction between medial prefontal lobes and amygdala

Answer 45

Interacts with amygdala when emotion is being cognitively suppressed or reappraised essentially decreases the response of the amygdala

Question 46

Possible roles of the medial prefrontal lobes in emotion

Answer 46

Comparison of outcome and expectancy Respond to personal choices that have resulted in loss To predict likelihood of error Guiding behavior based on previous outcomes response to social rejection

Question 47

Right-hemisphere model

Answer 47

the right hemisphere is dominant for all aspects of emotion

Question 48

Valence model of emotion

Answer 48

the right hemisphere specializes in negative emotions

Question 49

when showing extraverts and neurotic pictures of emotional facial expressions...

Answer 49

When viewing happy faces - only extraverts showed high amygdala activity When viewing fearful picture - both groups showed high amygdala activity

Question 50

principle of antithesis

Answer 50

-Opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements