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Empire Flashcards

(116 cards)

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1
Q

When did Ivan III marry Sopia Palaiologina?

A

1472

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2
Q

What symbols did Ivan III adopt after his marriage to Sophia Palaiologina?

A

Byzantine Eagle, Adopts the Title of Tsar (rather than Grand Duke)

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3
Q

Which Russian document written in the 1510s presented a suprious genealogy of the Russian Tsars?

A

Poslanie Spiridona-Savvy

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4
Q

In which decade was the Poslanie Spiridona-Savvy written?

A

1510s

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5
Q

Which item did Poslanie Spiridona-Savvy spuriously claim had been gifted to Muscovy by the Byzantines?

A

Monomakh’s Cap

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6
Q

Under which Tsar was the Poslanie Spiridona-Savvy composed and officially printed?

A

Vasilij III

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7
Q

When was the Poslanie Spiridona-Savvy officially issued?

A

late 1520s/early 1530s

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8
Q

Which words, derived from private land boundaries, did the Russians use for borders with Sweden and Poland-Lithuania?

A

Rubezh, Granitsa

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9
Q

Which words, meaning periphery, did Russians use to refer to their colonial frontiers?

A

Krai, Ukraina

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10
Q

What is the Russian for New Unconquered Territory?

A

Novonye Nemirnye Zemlitsy

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11
Q

What is the Russian for New Conquered Territory?

A

Novoprivodnye Zemli

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12
Q

When did the Russian crown grant lands to local Tatar Rulers?

A

late 15th and early 16th century

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13
Q

Which land grant was the foundation of the Qasim Khanate?

A

Grant of Gorodets to Prince Kasim in the 1450s

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14
Q

In which wars did the Qasim Khanate provide troops to assist Muscovy?

A

Lithuania (early 16th), Sweden (1555), Livonian War (1558-1583)

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15
Q

When settlers moved from Muscovite heartlands in the North to the colonised south, what were they fleeing?

A

famines, epidemics and wars concentrated in the North

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16
Q

What was the reign of Basil III?

A

1505-1533

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17
Q

During the reign of Basil III (1505-1533), the chronicles mention how many epidemics in the North and South of Muscovy?

A

four in the North, none in the South

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18
Q

What were the dates of the Livonian War?

A

1558-1583

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19
Q

By what percentage did the Tula District Land Assessments increase by between 1585-1589 (as a result of the Livonian War)?

A

230% (c.8000 quarters/field to just under 18000)

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20
Q

What powers did governors of Muscovy’s frontier region hold?

A

powers to expel settlers, coercion of peasant labour

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21
Q

What were the tasks of peasant corvee labour in maintaining the abatis lines through spring, summer and autumn?

A

Spring: shovel snow from earthworks to prevent meltwater damage
Summer: create firebreaks
Autumn: burn grasslands to deny pasture to nomadic raiders

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22
Q

Between which decades were responsibility for abatis maintenance transferred from the governors to the fortification stewards?

A

1520s-1550s

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23
Q

When did Feodor I die?

A

1598

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24
Q

What period (1598-1613) began with the death of Feodor I in 1598?

A

the Time of Troubles

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25
What was wrong with Feodor I?
intellectually disabled, left no heirs
26
What the name of Ivan the Terrible's bodyguard?
Oprichniki
27
In which year did Ivan the Terrible's Oprichniki destroy Novgorod?
1570
28
How many people were killed when the Oprichniki destroyed Novgorod (1570)?
2500-12000
29
When Oprichniki destroyed Novgorod (1570), how much of the surrounding farmland was destroyed?
90%
30
When did Devlet I burn Moscow?
1571
31
Who assisted Devlet I in the burning of Moscow (1571)?
six boyars who had fled Ivan the Terrible's madness
32
How many people died in the Russian Famine of 1601-1603?
c.2 million (30% of the population)
33
What were the effects of the Russian famine of 1567
grain prices increased tenfold, 20% of Moscow region villages abandoned
34
How many people died in the 1570 epidemic in Pskov?
30,000
35
When did 30,000 people die in an epidemic in Pskov?
1570
36
When did Tatar raiders burn Ryazan?
1564
37
When did the Tatars burn Tula, Serpokhov and Kashira?
1569
38
What settlement did Tatar raiders burn in 1564?
Ryazan
39
Which settlements did the Tatars burn in 1569?
Tula, Serpokhov and Kashira
40
Which individual was immortalised in the Poema de mio Cid?
Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar
41
Which history, written by Pseudo-Turpin, claimed Charlemagne had thrice liberated Iberia?
Historia Caroli Magni
42
Which Leonese history claimed that Charlemagne was defeated by the Navarrese and was 'corrupted by gold'?
Historia Silense
43
Which legal treaty referred to 'the land of Spain which the Saracens hold at present'?
King of Castile - Count of Barcelona (1150)
44
What was ajudicated in the 1150 treaty between the King of Castile and the Count of Barcelona?
'the land of Spain which the Saracens do hold at present'
45
Language referring to future land to be conquered is found in which treaties (1151-1305)?
Tudilen, Cazorla, Almizra, Torellas and Elche
46
When was the Fuero of Tudela granted?
1115
47
What did the Fuero of Tudela (1115) grant the muslim inhabitants?
that 'in lawsuits and in pleas' they would be judged by their own 'as it was in the time of the Moors'
48
Which Spanish settlements were founded on narrow plateau's between ravines?
Sepulveda and Guadalajara
49
Which Spanish settlements were constructed near major rivers with substantial defensive walls?
Segovia, Cuenca and Toledo
50
Which was the only town in Castile not to be sited primarily for defensiveness?
Salamanca (remnants of a Roman settlement)
51
When was Medina Sidonia repopulated?
1264
52
Upon the repopulation of Medina Sidonia (1264), what priveleges were given to its inhabitants?
exempted from local tithes (later tolls anywhere in Castile)
53
What priveleges were extended to the inhabitants of Medina Sidonia in 1288?
total exemption from all forms of taxation
54
What priveleges were offered to the population and visiting merchants in Gibraltar and Tarifa?
total exemption from all forms of taxation
55
What was the name of the amnesty given to settlers?
Homicianos
56
When and where was the earliest instance of the privelege of Homicianos?
Sepulveda (1076)
57
What did Spanish kings define border towns as (and why)?
military garrisons (entitled to grain rations directly from the crown)
58
When was the Fuero of Sepulveda issued by Alsonso VI of Leon and Castile?
1076
59
In what year was King Alfonso IX of Leon excommunicated by Celestine III?
1196
60
Why did Celestine III excommunicated King Alfonso IX of Leon in 1196?
He allied with the Almohads whilst at war with Castile
61
When and what was El Cid's first experience of battle?
Battle of Graus (1063) - assisting the Sultan of Zaragoza against Ramiro I of Aragon
62
Between which dates did the Papacy send three legatine missions against the local Mozarabic liturgy?
1065-1072
63
Which king's attempt to impose the Roman liturgy led to a long running feud?
King Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile
64
At which event was the Roman liturgy accepted within Leon and Castile?
Council of Tours (1080)
65
Which Roman Law doctrine was used by the English in North America?
Res Nullius - right of individuals to appropriate unclaimed property
66
"as much land...
as a man tills, plants, improves, [and] cultivates... so much is his property" - John Locke, Two Treatises (1689)
67
Which agricultural products are frequently mentioned in the Two Treatises?
corn, sugar, tobacco
68
"we have now...
such a strength of the frontiers" - Sir William Berkeley, Governor of Virginia (1676)
69
"it is no frontier"
Cromwell, justifying his demolition of Basing House (1645)
70
Which treaty referred to "A straite line"?
Virginia-Powhatan Treaty (1646)
71
What did the Virginia-Powhatan Treaty (1646) refer to?
"a straite line"
72
Which treaty forbade settlement "nearer then Three miles of any Indian Town"?
1677 treaty between Virginia and various tribes
73
The 1677 Treaty between Virginia and surrounding tribes forbade what?
settlement "nearer then Three miles of any Indian Town"
74
When did the Virginians clumsily try to crown Chief Powhatan as a subordinate monarch?
1608
75
In which year did Powhatans brother launch a massacre of English settlers?
1622
76
From which decade did the English colonies begin to coordinate their relationships with Native Americans?
1670s
77
Which tribe was used as a buffer between New York and French settlements in Quebec?
Mohawks
78
In which year did Edmund Andros, Governor of New York, forbid the sale of gunpowder to tribes other than the Mohawks?
1676
79
In which year was a palisade built across the Virginia peninsula?
1634
80
How long was the palisade constructed on the Virginia peninsula?
9.4km
81
In which year did Virginia begin construction on Forts Royal, Charles and Henry?
1645
82
Which forts did Virginia begin to construct in 1645?
Forts Royal, Charles and Henry
83
Which colonies were predominantly Congregationalist with Quaker and Baptist minorities?
Massachusetts and Connecticut
84
Which colonies were mixed of Lutheran, Dutch Reformed, Presbyterian (with some Catholics)?
New York and Pennsylvania
85
Which colonies were dominated by Anglicans?
Carolinas, Virginia and Georgia
86
In which year did Charles issue a proclamation for "one Uniforme course of Government"?
1625
87
Charles I proclamation of 1625?
"one Uniforme course of Government"
88
When was the Commission to Regulate Plantations set up?
1634
89
What body was set up in 1634 to regulate the colonies?
Commission to Regulate Plantations
90
In which year was the Virginia Charter issued?
1606
91
What did the Virginia Charter promise to settlers?
the same "liberties, franchises and immunities" as Englishmen
92
When was the Massachusetts Charter issued?
1628
93
What was new about the Massachusetts Charter (1628)?
The presiding officers of the joint stock company moved across the Atlantic immediately
94
Who was given sole proprietorship of Maryland in 1632?
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
95
When and where was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies?
Virginia (1619)
96
What was the assembly of Virginia (1619) instituted in response to?
the imposition of martial law in 1611
97
Which colonies had their own legislative assemblies by 1640?
Masachusetts Bay, Maryland, Connecticut, Plymouth, New Haven, Barbados
98
In which year did the settlers of New York demand an assembly from James, Duke of York?
1681
99
Which colony was abandoned after 14 months in 1608 due to a failure to establish a secure food supply?
Popham Colony
100
In which year was Popham Colony abandoned after 14 months?
1608
101
When was the starving time and what was its effects?
Winter 1609-1610, population of Jamestown falls from 500 to 61
102
Which colony lasted from 1585-1590 before disappearing without a trace?
Roanoke
103
What were the dates of Roanoke Colony?
1585-1590
104
Which French and Spanish colonies were abandoned due to famine?
San Miguel de Gualdape, Pensacola, Charlesfort
105
Where was the Bank Array defensive line?
Oka River
106
How deep were the Russian abatis lines?
20-130 metres
107
What additional fortifications did the Russians construct at strategic points?
Earthworks, palisades, forts and cavalry fences
108
How much of the Oka Bank Array was constructed by 1533?
250 km
109
What was the name of the 'Great Abatis Line' in Russian?
Zasechnaya Cherta
110
Where was the Zasechnaya Cherta?
around 100 km south of the Oka River
111
Which two towns were linked by the Zasechnaya Cherta?
Ryazan and Kozel'sk (via Tula)
112
By what year was the Zasechnaya Cherta completed?
1566
113
How long was the Zasechnaya Cherta?
600km
114
How long were the additional lines south of the Zasechnaya Cherta?
400 km
115
By what date were the additional lines south of the Zasechnaya Cherta completed?
1600
116
Between which dates were the treaties of Tuledin, Cazorla, Almizra, Torellas and Elche signed?
1151-1305

Disciplines (Finals) (2 decks)

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