EMR

Question 1

Signs and symptoms that a body is fighting an infection (5)

Answer 1

headaches
fever
exhaustion
nausea
vomiting

Question 2

Which four factors must coincide for an infection to occur?

Answer 2

A pathogen must be present.
There must be enough of the pathogen to cause disease.
A person must be susceptible to the pathogen.
There must be a route of entry.

Question 3

How do pathogens enter the body?

Answer 3

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Airborne
Vector-borne

Question 4

How is hepatitis A primarily spread?

Answer 4

Through food or water that has been contaminated by feces from an infected person.

Question 5

Which types of hepatitis can be prevented by a vaccine?

Answer 5

Hepatitis A and B

Question 6

How is TB spread?

Answer 6

through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Question 7

What are the symptoms of TB?

Answer 7

significant coughing lasting 3 weeks or longer
pain in the chest
weight loss
loss of appetite
coughing up blood or bloody sputum
weakness and/or fatigue
fever and chills
night sweats

Question 8

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 8

stiff neck
high fever
confusion
headache
nausea
sleepiness
vomiting
sensitivity to light

Question 9

Order of donning PPE

Answer 9

hand hygiene
gown
mask
eye wear
gloves

Question 10

Order of doffing PPE

Answer 10

gloves
gown
hand hygiene
eye wear
mask
hand hygiene

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

anything located away from the midline

Question 12

medial

Answer 12

anything located towards the midline

Question 13

midline

Answer 13

the imaginary line running down the middle of the body

Question 14

ventral (anterior)

Answer 14

anything located toward the front of the body

Question 15

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 15

anything located toward the back of the body

Question 16

superior (cephalic)

Answer 16

any part toward the patient’s head

Question 17

inferior (caudal)

Answer 17

any part toward the patient’s feet

Question 18

proximal

Answer 18

closer to the trunk

Question 19

distal

Answer 19

further from the trunk

Question 20

What are the 5 major body cavities?

Answer 20

cranial
spinal
thoracic
abdominal
pelvic

Question 21

Scene Assessment

Answer 21

hazards and environment
mechanism of injury and chief complaint
number of patients
additional resources required
general impression
PPE

Question 22

Primary Assessment

Answer 22

chief complaint
level of responsiveness
spinal motion restriction
ABCs
pulse oximetry
rapid body survey
transport decision
patient positioning

Question 23

Secondary Assessment

Answer 23

SAMPLE-patient or with bystanders
vital signs
head to toe

Question 24

SAMPLE

Answer 24

signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past/present relevant medical conditions
last oral intake
events before the incident

Question 25

Level of response

Answer 25

alert verbal pain unresponsive

Question 26

Which situations should you suspect a spinal injury?

Answer 26

unresponsiveness or unknown cause of injury fall from a height greater than 1 metre or 5 stairs any motor vehicle collision any injury if helmet is broken severe blunt force to head or trunk injury that penetrates the head or trunk diving mishap

Question 27

What are agonal respirations?

Answer 27

an inadequate pattern of breathing sometimes associated with cardiac arrest states. Can show as gurgling, moaning, gasping sound, gaping mouth, or laboured breathing. *does not provide adequate oxygen.

Question 28

How often should you check ABCs?

Answer 28

every five minutes for an unstable patient, and every 10 minutes for a stable one.

Question 29

What percentage of oxygen saturation is considered the start of being inefficient?

Answer 29

80%

Question 30

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 91-94%? (mild hypoxia)

Answer 30

nasal cannula or standard oxygen mask

Question 31

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 86-90%? (moderate hypoxia)

Answer 31

non-rebreather mask or bag-valve-mask (BVM) with oxygen reservoir

Question 32

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 85% or lower? (severe hypoxia)

Answer 32

non-rebreather mask or bag-valve-mask (BVM) with oxygen reservoir

Question 33

How often should pulse oximetry be taken and recorded?

Answer 33

every 15 minutes with a stable patient, and every 5 minutes for unstable patients.

Question 34

OPQRRRST

Answer 34

``` onset-gradual/sudden provocation-what makes it get worse quality-sharp/dull/stabbing region-where is the pain radiation-pain radiate to other places relief-what makes it better severity-0-10 time-when did the pain start ```

Question 35

Which VS do we take?

Answer 35

``` pulse BP pupils SpO2 skin respirations AVPU ```

Question 36

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for neonate?

Answer 36

pulse: 120-160 resp: 40-60 BP: 80/40

Question 37

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for infant?

Answer 37

pulse: 100-200 resp: 30-40 BP: 80/40

Question 38

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for child?

Answer 38

pulse: 80-120 resp: 16-24 BP: 90/50

Question 39

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for adult?

Answer 39

pulse: 60-100 resp: 12-20 BP: 120/80

Question 40

What should you be doing in the head-to-toe examination?

Answer 40

``` inspection (exposing and examining) auscultation (listening) palpation (feeling) smell looking for medical ID ```

Question 41

What should you do if the patient indicates pain during the head-to-toe examination?

Answer 41

OPQRRRST

Question 42

What are the steps of a head-to-toe examination?

Answer 42

-consent and explain procedure -head-look for fluid in nose, ears, and mouth (if fluid is found, check responsiveness and pupils again) -neck -clavicles and shoulders (if no abnormalities are found, ask to shrug shoulders) -lower anterior of ribs-check inhale -back-palpate down the spine -abdomen-4 quadrants -hips-in, up, down -individual legs-joints -foot pulse/cap refill -motor sensory assessment on feet and toes -arms -squeeze fingers reassess ABCs

Question 43

What are the 2 types of airway obstruction?

Answer 43

Anatomical airway obstruction | Foreign-body airway obstruction

Question 44

What do you do when someone has a partial airway obstruction?

Answer 44

Encourage them to cough while leaning forward slightly.

Question 45

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on a responsive adult?

Answer 45

``` back blows (5) abdominal thrusts (5) chest thrusts (5) ``` check for the foreign-body after each method switch

Question 46

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on an unresponsive adult?

Answer 46

30 chest compressions check mouth remove object if seen open the airway and breathe If first breath goes in , give second breath. If not, reposition, then breathe again. if the second does not go in, repeat 30 compressions-1 breath

Question 47

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on a responsive infant?

Answer 47

``` position infant's body supine on your forearm, head down. hold infant's jaw 5 firm back blows turn over infant 5 chest compressions repeat ```

Question 48

How deep should chest compressions be on an infant?

Answer 48

1/3 depth of the chest

Question 49

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on an unresponsive infant?

Answer 49

``` 30 chest compressions inspect the mouth open the airway attempt to ventilate 2 times repeat compressions ```

Question 50

What should you do when someone is in anaphylaxis shock?

Answer 50

comfort ABCs epi-pen transport