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Paramedic School > EMT 205 > Flashcards

EMT 205 Flashcards

1
Q

medication types listed in the bible

A

gums, spices, oils, narcotis

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2
Q

when was ‘chemical medicine’ born

A

17th century

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3
Q

the federal government provides incentives to pharmaceutical companies to research and develop less profitable drugs

A

orphan drugs

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4
Q

any substance taken by mouth, injection, blood vessel. or cavity into the body.

A

drug

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5
Q

exact description of a drug

A

chemical name

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6
Q

often an abbreviated form of the chemical name and is used more commonly than chemical name

A

generic name

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7
Q

the name that is trademarked used to sell the medication

A

trade name

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8
Q

the official name of a drug followed by the initials USP

A

official name

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9
Q

name one source of drug information

A

American medical association drug evaluations
american hospital formula service drug information
medication package inserts
physicians desk reference
nursing drug reference

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10
Q

when was the pure food and drug act passes

A

1906

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11
Q

how do you measure strength purity or effectiveness of a drug

A

analysis in the lab

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12
Q

name the drug regulatory agencies

A

Food and drug administration
Public health service
federal trade commission
canadian drug control
international drug control

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13
Q

what two types of effects can drugs have

A

therapeutic or side effect

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14
Q

how many effects do drugs typically cause

A

many, it is rare for drugs to have one effect

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15
Q

a drug that innteracts with a receptor to stimulate a response is known as

A

agonist

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16
Q

what does a drug need in order to produce a desired effect

A

to enter the body

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17
Q

a drug that attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response is called

A

antagonist

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18
Q

what three phases does a drug go through to reach appropriate concentrations at its site of action

A

pharmaceutical phase
pharmacokinetic phase
pharmacodynamic phase

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19
Q

what is the science of dispensing drugs

A

pharmaceutics

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20
Q

what is the rate at which a solid drug goes into solution after ingestion

A

dissolution

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21
Q

what is the study of how the body handles a drug over time including the processes of absorption distribution biotransformation and excretion

A

pharmacokinetics

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22
Q

what involves the movement of drug molecules from the entry site to the general circulation

A

absorption

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23
Q

what does the rate a drug absorbs depend on

A

the ability to cross the cell membrane

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24
Q

most drugs enter the cell by what

A

passive diffusion

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25
Q

what factors determine the rate and extent of absorption
(6)

A

-nature of the absorbing surface the drug must traverse
-blood flow to the site of admin
-solubility of the drug
-ph of the drug environment
-the drug concentration
-the form of the drug dosage

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26
Q

a large dose, first that temporarily exceeds the capacity for excretion of the drug

A

loading dose

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27
Q

smaller dose, than can be administered to replace the amount of drug excreted

A

maintenance dose

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28
Q

what are the 4 route names of drug admin

A

-enteral (admin along any portion of GI track)
-parenteral(admin by any route except the GI track)
-pulmonary(inhalation or endotracheal)
-topical (admin by skin or mucosal membranes)

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29
Q

name 4 methods of enteral route

A

oral absorption
gastric
small intestine
rectal

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30
Q

name 6 methods of the parenteral route

A

sub q
intramuscular
IV
intradermal
intraosseous
endotracheal

31
Q

2 methods of topical route

A

skin and nasal

32
Q

as drugs enter the circulatory they attach to plasma proteins forming a

A

drug protein complex

33
Q

what disease alters the ability of the body to metabolize many medications

A

liver

34
Q

where does ‘drug pooling’ take place

A

fat and bone

35
Q

how long can lipid soluble drugs remain stored in the fat

A

as long as 2 hours

36
Q

single layer of capillary endothelial cells, they line the bloodvessels entering the CNS

A

blood brain barrier

37
Q

what is ADME

A

absosrbed
distributed
metabolized
excreted

38
Q

what is first past metabolism

A

goes to the liver first

39
Q

why does the drug go to the liver

A

to detoxify

40
Q

what organization is responsible for scheduling drugs

A

DEA

41
Q

how many drug schedules are there and what are they based off

A

5
abuse potential and medical use

42
Q

what is USP

A

united states pharmacopeia
this is the Official name of a medication

43
Q

what forms do medications come in

A

liquid, tablet, capsule, elixor, powder, gel, tincture, suspension,

44
Q

name sources of drugs (5)

A

plant
animal and human
mineral or mineral product
microorganism
laboratory produced chemicals

45
Q

what consists of a single layer of capillary endothelial cealls that line blood vessels in the CNS

A

blood brain barrier

46
Q

what is made up of membrane layers that separate the blood vessels of the mother and fetus

A

placental barrier

47
Q

what is the process in which drugs are chemically converted to metabolites

A

biotransformation

48
Q

what is the purpose of biotransformation

A

to detoxify a drug and render it less effective

49
Q

what is it called when a large amount of the drug may be metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation?

A

first past metabolism

50
Q

what is the elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites

A

excretion

51
Q

what are the primary organs for excretion

A

kidneys

52
Q

what are the 3 renal excretion mechanisms

A

passive glomerular filtration
active tubular secretions
partial reabsorption

53
Q

what is the reabsorption from the renal tubule by passive diffusion

A

partial reabsorption

54
Q

what are the 8 factors that influence the action of drugs

A

age
body mass
sex
environment
time of admin
pathologic state
genetic factors
psychological factors

55
Q

what demonstrates the relationship between the concentration of drug in the plasma and the effectiveness of the drug over time

A

plasma level profiles

56
Q

the concentration that provides the highest probability of responses with the lease risk of toxicity

A

therapeutic range

57
Q

what does a narrow therapeutic index mean

A

concentration ranch between effective levels of the drug and lethal levels of the dug is small

58
Q

what 5 things need to be considered for pediatric medications

A

age
absorption
distribution
biotransformation
elimination

59
Q

sympathetic is also know as

A

adrenergic

60
Q

parasympathetic is also known as

A

cholinergic

61
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems generally work as physiologic antagonists on

A

effector organs

62
Q

the sympathetic nervous systems tend to affect what

A

widespread areas of the body

63
Q

chemicals that are released from one neuron at the presynaptic nerve fiber

A

neurotransmitter

64
Q

in the sympathetic and parasymp. divisions, the neurotransmitter for preganglionic fiber at the junction between the preganglionic figer and the synapse is

A

acetylcholine

65
Q

what are the two major receptor types

A

alpha adrenergic receptors
beta adrenergic receptors

66
Q

what are the 4 classification of autonomic drugs

A

cholinergic
cholinergic blocking
adrenergic
adrenergic blocking

67
Q

what 2 major effects does acetylcholine have in the nervous system

A

stimulant effects on the ganglia adrenal medulla and skeletal muschle

stimulant effects at postganglionic nerve endings in the cranial smooth muscle and glands

68
Q

what are the three naturally occurring catecholamines present in the body

A

epi
norepi and dopamine

69
Q

what 2 catagories are beta blocking drugs grouped into

A

selective beta blocking
non selective beta blocking drugs

70
Q

what reverses the effect of some narcotic analgesics

A

narcotic antagonists

71
Q

what type of drugs are CNS depressants

A

anesthetics

72
Q

what two types of prototypical groups of drugs are used to treat anxiety and induce sleep

A

benzodiazepines and barbiturates

73
Q

how fast do short acting barbiturates produce effect

A

10 - 15 min

74
Q

what drugs depress the excitability of neurons that fire to initiate the seizure

A

anticonvulsants

Paramedic School (8 decks)

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