EMT 205

Question 1

medication types listed in the bible

Answer 1

gums, spices, oils, narcotis

Question 2

when was ‘chemical medicine’ born

Answer 2

17th century

Question 3

the federal government provides incentives to pharmaceutical companies to research and develop less profitable drugs

Answer 3

orphan drugs

Question 4

any substance taken by mouth, injection, blood vessel. or cavity into the body.

Answer 4

drug

Question 5

exact description of a drug

Answer 5

chemical name

Question 6

often an abbreviated form of the chemical name and is used more commonly than chemical name

Answer 6

generic name

Question 7

the name that is trademarked used to sell the medication

Answer 7

trade name

Question 8

the official name of a drug followed by the initials USP

Answer 8

official name

Question 9

name one source of drug information

Answer 9

American medical association drug evaluations
american hospital formula service drug information
medication package inserts
physicians desk reference
nursing drug reference

Question 10

when was the pure food and drug act passes

Answer 10

1906

Question 11

how do you measure strength purity or effectiveness of a drug

Answer 11

analysis in the lab

Question 12

name the drug regulatory agencies

Answer 12

Food and drug administration
Public health service
federal trade commission
canadian drug control
international drug control

Question 13

what two types of effects can drugs have

Answer 13

therapeutic or side effect

Question 14

how many effects do drugs typically cause

Answer 14

many, it is rare for drugs to have one effect

Question 15

a drug that innteracts with a receptor to stimulate a response is known as

Answer 15

agonist

Question 16

what does a drug need in order to produce a desired effect

Answer 16

to enter the body

Question 17

a drug that attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response is called

Answer 17

antagonist

Question 18

what three phases does a drug go through to reach appropriate concentrations at its site of action

Answer 18

pharmaceutical phase
pharmacokinetic phase
pharmacodynamic phase

Question 19

what is the science of dispensing drugs

Answer 19

pharmaceutics

Question 20

what is the rate at which a solid drug goes into solution after ingestion

Answer 20

dissolution

Question 21

what is the study of how the body handles a drug over time including the processes of absorption distribution biotransformation and excretion

Answer 21

pharmacokinetics

Question 22

what involves the movement of drug molecules from the entry site to the general circulation

Answer 22

absorption

Question 23

what does the rate a drug absorbs depend on

Answer 23

the ability to cross the cell membrane

Question 24

most drugs enter the cell by what

Answer 24

passive diffusion

Question 25

what factors determine the rate and extent of absorption (6)

Answer 25

-nature of the absorbing surface the drug must traverse -blood flow to the site of admin -solubility of the drug -ph of the drug environment -the drug concentration -the form of the drug dosage

Question 26

a large dose, first that temporarily exceeds the capacity for excretion of the drug

Answer 26

loading dose

Question 27

smaller dose, than can be administered to replace the amount of drug excreted

Answer 27

maintenance dose

Question 28

what are the 4 route names of drug admin

Answer 28

-enteral (admin along any portion of GI track) -parenteral(admin by any route except the GI track) -pulmonary(inhalation or endotracheal) -topical (admin by skin or mucosal membranes)

Question 29

name 4 methods of enteral route

Answer 29

oral absorption gastric small intestine rectal

Question 30

name 6 methods of the parenteral route

Answer 30

sub q intramuscular IV intradermal intraosseous endotracheal

Question 31

2 methods of topical route

Answer 31

skin and nasal

Question 32

as drugs enter the circulatory they attach to plasma proteins forming a

Answer 32

drug protein complex

Question 33

what disease alters the ability of the body to metabolize many medications

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

where does 'drug pooling' take place

Answer 34

fat and bone

Question 35

how long can lipid soluble drugs remain stored in the fat

Answer 35

as long as 2 hours

Question 36

single layer of capillary endothelial cells, they line the bloodvessels entering the CNS

Answer 36

blood brain barrier

Question 37

what is ADME

Answer 37

absosrbed distributed metabolized excreted

Question 38

what is first past metabolism

Answer 38

goes to the liver first

Question 39

why does the drug go to the liver

Answer 39

to detoxify

Question 40

what organization is responsible for scheduling drugs

Answer 40

DEA

Question 41

how many drug schedules are there and what are they based off

Answer 41

5 abuse potential and medical use

Question 42

what is USP

Answer 42

united states pharmacopeia this is the Official name of a medication

Question 43

what forms do medications come in

Answer 43

liquid, tablet, capsule, elixor, powder, gel, tincture, suspension,

Question 44

name sources of drugs (5)

Answer 44

plant animal and human mineral or mineral product microorganism laboratory produced chemicals

Question 45

what consists of a single layer of capillary endothelial cealls that line blood vessels in the CNS

Answer 45

blood brain barrier

Question 46

what is made up of membrane layers that separate the blood vessels of the mother and fetus

Answer 46

placental barrier

Question 47

what is the process in which drugs are chemically converted to metabolites

Answer 47

biotransformation

Question 48

what is the purpose of biotransformation

Answer 48

to detoxify a drug and render it less effective

Question 49

what is it called when a large amount of the drug may be metabolized before reaching the systemic circulation?

Answer 49

first past metabolism

Question 50

what is the elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites

Answer 50

excretion

Question 51

what are the primary organs for excretion

Answer 51

kidneys

Question 52

what are the 3 renal excretion mechanisms

Answer 52

passive glomerular filtration active tubular secretions partial reabsorption

Question 53

what is the reabsorption from the renal tubule by passive diffusion

Answer 53

partial reabsorption

Question 54

what are the 8 factors that influence the action of drugs

Answer 54

age body mass sex environment time of admin pathologic state genetic factors psychological factors

Question 55

what demonstrates the relationship between the concentration of drug in the plasma and the effectiveness of the drug over time

Answer 55

plasma level profiles

Question 56

the concentration that provides the highest probability of responses with the lease risk of toxicity

Answer 56

therapeutic range

Question 57

what does a narrow therapeutic index mean

Answer 57

concentration ranch between effective levels of the drug and lethal levels of the dug is small

Question 58

what 5 things need to be considered for pediatric medications

Answer 58

age absorption distribution biotransformation elimination

Question 59

sympathetic is also know as

Answer 59

adrenergic

Question 60

parasympathetic is also known as

Answer 60

cholinergic

Question 61

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems generally work as physiologic antagonists on

Answer 61

effector organs

Question 62

the sympathetic nervous systems tend to affect what

Answer 62

widespread areas of the body

Question 63

chemicals that are released from one neuron at the presynaptic nerve fiber

Answer 63

neurotransmitter

Question 64

in the sympathetic and parasymp. divisions, the neurotransmitter for preganglionic fiber at the junction between the preganglionic figer and the synapse is

Answer 64

acetylcholine

Question 65

what are the two major receptor types

Answer 65

alpha adrenergic receptors beta adrenergic receptors

Question 66

what are the 4 classification of autonomic drugs

Answer 66

cholinergic cholinergic blocking adrenergic adrenergic blocking

Question 67

what 2 major effects does acetylcholine have in the nervous system

Answer 67

stimulant effects on the ganglia adrenal medulla and skeletal muschle stimulant effects at postganglionic nerve endings in the cranial smooth muscle and glands

Question 68

what are the three naturally occurring catecholamines present in the body

Answer 68

epi norepi and dopamine

Question 69

what 2 catagories are beta blocking drugs grouped into

Answer 69

selective beta blocking non selective beta blocking drugs

Question 70

what reverses the effect of some narcotic analgesics

Answer 70

narcotic antagonists

Question 71

what type of drugs are CNS depressants

Answer 71

anesthetics

Question 72

what two types of prototypical groups of drugs are used to treat anxiety and induce sleep

Answer 72

benzodiazepines and barbiturates

Question 73

how fast do short acting barbiturates produce effect

Answer 73

10 - 15 min

Question 74

what drugs depress the excitability of neurons that fire to initiate the seizure

Answer 74

anticonvulsants