End of Year Exam Year 11 Flashcards

Question

Midbrain structure

Answer 1

Reticular formation

Answer 2

Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebrum

Answer 3

Developmental plasticity changes in neural connections as a result of interactions with the environment as a consequence of developmental processes whereas adaptive plasticity is the brains ability to compensate for lost functionality due to brain damage as well as in response to interaction with the environment by reorganising its structure.

Answer 4

the process of moulding or forming new synapses

Answer 5

Speech is non-fluent, many pauses Consists of very short and simple sentences, mainly verbs and nouns, lacks grammar Difficult writing Left frontal lobe

Answer 6

Speech is fluent but nonsense words are used or are mispronounced Difficulty understanding both written and spoken language Left temporal lobe

Answer 7

a disorder in which the person affected systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body. Spatial neglect occurs after brain damage, usually in the posterior region of their right parietal lobe and results in the person ignoring stimuli on their left side.

Answer 8

genetic material inherited from their parents

Answer 9

physical, social and emotional surroundings

Answer 10

environmental and hereditary factors

Answer 11

The idea that hereditary and environmental factors continually interact to influence developmental change

Answer 12

- if raised in the same households with similar experiences, then the same environmental factors would impact - they look the same and are more likely to be treated alike. Friends, teachers and extended family may have difficulties telling them apart or want to treat them fairly and equally - the environmental influences are the same

Answer 13

in generalising from these findings is due to the selection of adoptive parents. In most cases, the infants were matched with families of similar education and social background (Hay 1985). Therefore, although reared apart, the twins were raised in similar environments

Answer 14

Hereditary strong influence Families who live together often share the same genes and environment If a family has children whose parents and grandparents all have high intelligence, then it is possible that either their genes or their family environment or the interaction between the two is responsible for their high intellectual activity

Answer 15

Common for personality traits to continue into adulthood e.g. Sensitive and emotional children tend to become nervous and withdrawn adults

Answer 16

Infancy - talking, walking, motor skills, social interactions with family, self-recognition, self-identity Childhood - forming friendships, starting school Adolescence - high school, puberty, independence Early Adulthood - getting a job, children, marrigae, peak of physical functioning, sophisticated cognitive functioning, intimacy and independence Middle Adulthood - stable self-identity, stable career, physical declines become noticeable Late Adulthood - health declines, retirement, close ties to family

Answer 17

Impacts on physical functioning. It is how you physically change over years like learning how to hold a pen, or tie your shoelace

Answer 18

The development of our mental abilities through the course of the lifespan. Our memories, language and problem-solving abilities change throughout our lives

Answer 19

As you grow older your understanding of social rules and situations changes, you change socially and emotionally. You develop the ability to regulate your emotions. Your emotions are influenced by the environment and society

Answer 20

The main difference between learning and maturation is that learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and behaviours, whereas maturation is the process of becoming mature or developed. Thus, maturation is a mental and physical growth, whereas learning is mainly a mental process

Answer 21

Automatic responses to specific stimuli, inborn reflexes are initially due to nature (heredity) Eg: being able to sit or stand up on their own as an infant

Answer 22

- They indicate the average age that a certain behaviour or skill will be achieved. They're based on the mean average of a large sample. - Provide feedback on whether the infant is progressing normally in relation to the rest of the population

Answer 23

Critical periods are development times of special sensitivity to certain environmental factors that can shape an individual's capacity for future development whereas sensitive periods are the best or optimal times for psychological development in certain areas, such as learning to speak which allows for the possibility that, given the right circumstances, individuals can still experience psychological development, even if the individual began with deprived conditions

Answer 24

Are toxic substances that are capable of harming an unborn child

Answer 25

EE - These are situations in which a species-typical experience plays a necessary role in the development organisation of the nervous system ED - Is a form of learning that can occur at any time during an individual's life. It refers to adaptive plasticity, encoding new experiences that occur throughout life, fostering new brain growth and refining existing brain structures

End of Year Exam Year 11 Flashcards

(49 cards)