Endo 1

Question 1

____ system Provides “broadcast’ regulation of many tissues; specificity due to receptors•Slower but longer lasting responses compared to the NS

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

What is the function of the following hormones: Thyroid Hormone, Insulin, PTH, Vasopressin, Aldosterone, etc.

Answer 2

Maintenance of Homeostasis-

Question 3

What is the function of the following hormones: Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, etc.

Answer 3

(2)Growth and Differentiation-

Question 4

What is the function of the following hormones: LH, FSH, Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone, etc.

Answer 4

(3)Reproduction-

Question 5

What are the 5 Specialized endocrine glands?

Answer 5

Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, and Pineal Gland

Question 6

What are the 3 organs discussed that contain endocrine cells that secrete hormones even though their function it is not their primary function?

Answer 6

Hypothalamus, liver, pancreas

Question 7

Protein and polypeptide hormones are Synthesized first as a _______,which is then converted to the ______.

Answer 7

Preprohormone; Prohormone

Question 8

The prohormone of a protein and polypeptide hormone is packaged into vesicles and cleaved into what 2 things?

Answer 8

Active hormone and inactive fragments

Question 9

Steroid hormones are synthesized from _______

Answer 9

cholesterol

Question 10

Where are the 3 places that steroid hormones come from?

Answer 10

Adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes

Question 11

Amine hormones are derived from ____

Answer 11

tyrosine

Question 12

What are the 3 amine hormones that are important?

Answer 12

Thyroid hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 13

Thyroid hormones bind to what protein?

Answer 13

Thyroglobulin

Question 14

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are stored in vesicles and released by _____

Answer 14

exocytosis

Question 15

Hormones released into the circulation can circulate either _____ or ________ also known as binding proteins.

Answer 15

freely or bound to carrier proteins

Question 16

The _____ hormone is the active form of the hormone

Answer 16

Free/Unbound

Question 17

What 3 types of hormone circulate in their free form?

Answer 17

Amines, peptides, and protein hormones

Question 18

What 2 types of hormones circulate bound to specific transport proteins?

Answer 18

Steroid and thyroid hormones

Question 19

Because most binding proteins are synthesized in the ____, changes in function may alter binding-protein levels and could indirectly affect plasma hormone levels.

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

What is one of the most common proteins that bind hormones?

Answer 20

Albumin

Question 21

What is the pattern of fluctuation in plasma of cortisol?

Answer 21

Circadian rhythm

Question 22

T/F: Plasma levels of hormones oscillate throughout the day, showing peaks and troughs that are hormone specific. This variable pattern of hormone release is determined by the interaction and integration of multiple control mechanisms, which include hormonal, neural, nutritional, and environmental factors that regulate the constitutive (basal) and stimulated (peak levels) secretion of hormones”

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the pattern of fluctuation in plasma of growth hormone?

Answer 23

Pulsatile secretion

Question 24

When does a spike in cortisol occur?

Answer 24

In the morning

Question 25

When does the most growth hormone secretion occur?

Answer 25

At night

Question 26

The location of the hormone receptor depends on the ______ properties of the hormone

Answer 26

chemical properties

Question 27

Polypeptide hormones, protein hormones, and amine hormones are lipophobic and hydrophillic and bind to ______ receptors

Answer 27

Plasma membrane receptors

Question 28

Thyroid and steroid hormones are hydrophobic and lipophillic and bind to ______ receptors

Answer 28

Nuclear receptors

Question 29

The plasma receptor for insulin is a ______

Answer 29

Tyrosine kinase

Question 30

What are the 2 receptors that were used as examples that are widely distributed?

Answer 30

Insulin and thyroid hormone

Question 31

______ receptors are A large family of receptors that are located either in the cytoplasm or nucleus. All act to increase or decrease gene expression; involved in forming new proteins

Answer 31

Nuclear Hormone Receptors

Question 32

____ is a hormone interaction where 2+ hormones are needed to get the normal levels/response

Answer 32

Additive

Question 33

_____ is a hormone interaction where 2+ hormones are used to get an increased effect that is more than the sum of their individual effects

Answer 33

Synergistic

Question 34

____ is a hormone interaction where presence of one hormone is needed so that another hormone can act

Answer 34

Permisiveness

Question 35

_____ Hormones are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their targets.

Answer 35

Tropic hormones

Question 36

In ____ feedback, the response enhances further release

Answer 36

Positive feedback

Question 37

In _____ Disorders, Abnormality in the last endocrine organ secreting the hormone leading to either hypo- or hyper-secretion.

Answer 37

Primary Disorders

Question 38

In ______ Disorders, the Abnormality in tropic hormone leading to either hypo- or hyper-secretion

Answer 38

Secondary Disorders

Question 39

Causes of _____ : (1)Partial destruction of the gland (2)Dietary Deficiency(3)Enzyme deficiency required for hormone synthesis

Answer 39

Primary Hyposecretion

Question 40

A tumor in an endocrine gland can cause _______

Answer 40

Primary Hypersecretion

Question 41

A lack of sufficient tropic hormone leads to ______

Answer 41

Secondary Hyposecretion

Question 42

A tumor (either in an endocrine gland that secretes tropic hormones or in non-endocrine tissue (lung)) can secrete hormones and cause _______ (Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndrome)

Answer 42

Secondary Hypersecretion