endo

Question 1

receptors of steroid hormones are located in the?

Answer 1

cytoplasm
nucleus - thyroid
membrane- protein- peptide and catecholamine

Question 2

location of pituitary gland

Answer 2

ventral to the brain dorsal concavity of sella turcica or hypophyseal fossa

ant. and intermediate lobes are from - rathkes pouch ( inva of roof of pharynx)

Question 3

melanotropin best known effect

Answer 3

fish
amphi
reptiles

Question 4

hormones from ANt. pituitary gland are transported via

Answer 4

hypothalamo- hypophyseal Portal Vessels(HHPV) in median eminence

oxy and vasopressin

Question 5

vasopressin acts on?

Answer 5

collecting duct
- urine concentration
formed in SON
- stimultes by inc. blood osmolarity
nausea
vomit

dysfxtion D. insipidus

Question 6

spp with midline main lobe of thyroid gland

Answer 6

pigs

Question 7

factory and ware house of thyroid hormones

Answer 7

thyroid follicle - 20-250 um

with colloid

Question 8

cells that secretes calcitonin

Answer 8

para follicular cells or C cells

Question 9

synthesis of this hormone is unique because final assembly occurs extracellularly

Answer 9

thyroid

1. ingestion
2. iodide trapping- sodium iodide symporter
3. oxidation - thyroperoxidase
4. tg secretion and formation (glycoprotein)
5. organisation
6. coupling (formation of thyroid hormone ) by thyroperoxidase
7. storage
8. secretion of T3 and T4
   - —endocytosis

Question 10

decrease iodide trapping

Answer 10

thiocyanates
Brassica. goitrin, white clover

prophylthiourasil

• blocks iodination
• tx for hyperthyroidism

iodides

• paradoxical
• dec all thyroid activity

Question 11

hypothyroid breed predisposed

Answer 11

doberman pinc
retriever
beagles

Question 12

Cx signs of hypothyroidism

Answer 12

• cretinism
• obese
• heat seeker
  no hair
• serum choles elevates

Question 13

types of goitre with iodine deficient in diet

• prolonged gestation
• weak at birth - foal
• hairless - calves
  myxedema- goat-pigs lambs asphyxiation

Answer 13

diffuse hyperplastic

Question 14

regulation of calcium is accomplished by 3 hormones

Answer 14

PTH - gland monitor via carotid artery
calcitriol from kidney( Ca homoestasis
calcitonin - c cells

ki

Question 15

this gland developed to protect terrestrial animal for hypocalcemia

Answer 15

parathyroid gland

internal & external

Question 16

spp which ePTG and iPTG are closed to thyroid

Answer 16

dog and cats

cattle sheep horse - ePTG far from thyroid gland
pig and rodents - single pair of PTG

external- 4rth
internal- 3rd Pharyngeal pouch

Question 17

predominant cell that secretes PTH

Answer 17

chief cell

Question 18

site of calcitriol synthesis in kidney

Answer 18

PCT

PTH - stimulatory hormone that regulates conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol

Question 19

lowers Ca concentration in blood

Answer 19

calcitonin ( c cells)

Question 20

nerve supply to adrenal gland

Answer 20

sympathetic nerve that synapse with medullary cell

Question 21

parenchymal cell of of adrenal cortex

Answer 21

corricocytes

Question 22

zone of adrenal cortex which is the thinnest and outer most

secretes mineralocorticoids

Answer 22

glomerulosa

or arcuata

Question 23

thinnest and middle zone secretes GCC and minimally adrenal androgens

Answer 23

z.fasciculata

cords of cuboidal and polyhedral cell

Question 24

zone that secretes mainly adrenal androgen and estrogen - outer most zone

Answer 24

zona reticularis

corticocytes - arranged in networks

Question 25

cathecholamines secreting cells are called?

Answer 25

chromaffin cells

Question 26

hormones secretes by adrenal cortex?

Answer 26

adrenocorticosteroids begins with cholesterols absorbed from GIT from acetate

Question 27

cortisol is predominant in

Answer 27

human horse pig sheep dogs and cats

Question 28

corticosterone predominant in

Answer 28

rabbit mouse and rat

Question 29

most important factor that stimulates release of ACTH

Answer 29

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 30

mineralocorticoids

Answer 30

aldosterone deoxycorticosterone corticosterone

Question 31

target of mineralocorticoids

Answer 31

epithelial cell of collecting tubules - regulates concentration of sodium by increasing renal uptake of sodium excretion of potassium - aldosteronealso affect stomach,sweat glands and colonand salivary ducts in excretion of K and H

Question 32

inhibits the synthesis and release of mineralocorticoids | * inhibition of secretion of renin

Answer 32

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 33

angiotensin 2

Answer 33

potent vasoconstrictor | acts on cns to stimulate thirst center

Question 34

adrenal medulla | catecholamines are synthesize from?

Answer 34

tyrosine by chromaffin cells | stimulates by ACetylcholine

Question 35

a red brown tumor arising from chromaffin cells

Answer 35

pheochromocytomas

Question 36

20% alpha cell secretes

Answer 36

glucagon | increase glucose level

Question 37

70% beta cells | secretes what hormones

Answer 37

insulin | which decrease glucose level

Question 38

5% Delta cells secretes what hormones

Answer 38

somatostatin that inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion

Question 39

Glut 1 transporter site of expression

Answer 39

Brain kidney RBC liver & placenta fxn - basal glucose uptake

Question 40

glut 2 site of expressions

Answer 40

- beta cells - liver - epithelium of SI - kidneys fxn beta cell glucose sensor glucose trNsport in intestine and kidneys

Question 41

Glut 3 site of expression

Answer 41

-brain kidney placenta fxn basal glucose uptake

Question 42

GLut 4 | site of expression

Answer 42

skeletal cardiac adipose fxn insulin dependent glucose uptake

Question 43

GLUT 5 | site of expression

Answer 43

jejunum | dietary absorption