Endocine System

Question 1

Which control system is quick and localized?

Answer 1

Neural Controls

Question 2

Which system is slow and widespread?

Answer 2

Hormonal Controls

Question 3

How do circulating hormones travel?

Answer 3

Through the blood

Question 4

Which type of signal only acts on the cells that release them?

Answer 4

Autocrine

Question 5

Which type of signal only acts on neighboring cells, not distant targets?

Answer 5

Paracrine

Question 6

What are biologically active lipids which act in an an autocrine or paracrine manner?

Answer 6

Eiscosanoids

Question 7

What lipid influences inflammation, ion transport, sleep, and other activities?

Answer 7

Eicosanoids

Question 8

What are steroids made out of?

Answer 8

Cholesterol

Question 9

Amino acid based hormones generally bind at the cell’s surface, except…?

Answer 9

The thyroid hormone

Question 10

Which type of hormone enters the cell and interacts directly with the DNA?

Answer 10

Steroids

Question 11

If the signal for an organ to release is the level of a chemical in the blood, what type of signal is it?

Answer 11

Humoral

Question 12

If the signal for an organ to release a hormone is transmitted by the nervous system, what type of signal is it?

Answer 12

Neural

Question 13

If the signal for an organ to release a hormone is a releasing hormone, what type of signal is it?

Answer 13

Hormonal

Question 14

What type of feedback limits Hormone production?

Answer 14

Negative feedback

Question 15

What does the pituitary gland suspend from?

Answer 15

The Hypothalamus

Question 16

What connects the pituitary and the hypothalamus?

Answer 16

The infundibulum

Question 17

What transports hormones from the Hypothalamus to the pituitary?

Answer 17

The Infundibulum

Question 18

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 18

Hypophysis

Question 19

What is another name for the anterior portion of the pituitary gland?

Answer 19

Adenohypophysis

Question 20

What is the posterior position of the neurohypophysis called?

Answer 20

Neurohypophysis

Question 21

What two parts of the brain regulate the secretion of every hormone in the body?

Answer 21

1. Hypothalamus

2. Pituitary

Question 22

What part of the pituitary gland secretes GH?

Answer 22

The adenohypohysis

Question 23

The development and activity of the thyroid gland is controlled by which hormone?

Answer 23

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Question 24

What regulates the release of corticosteroids?

Answer 24

ACTH

Question 25

Which two gonadotropins are produced during and after puberty?

Answer 25

LH and FSH

Question 26

Which hormone stimulates milk production by the breasts?

Answer 26

PRL

Question 27

What are the two hormones released by the Neurohypophysis?

Answer 27

1. Oxytocin | 2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 28

What does ADH promotes water retention by what?

Answer 28

The kidneys

Question 29

The phrase "Thyroid Hormone" refers to what two things?

Answer 29

T3 and T4

Question 30

What is another name for T4?

Answer 30

Thyroxine

Question 31

Most cells in the body are target cells for which hormone?

Answer 31

The thyroid hormone

Question 32

T3 and T4 increased what two things?

Answer 32

1. Increased metabolic rate | 2. Heat

Question 33

What regulates calcium metabolism?

Answer 33

Calcitonin

Question 34

Calcitonin stimulates ____ and inhibits _____.

Answer 34

Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts

Question 35

Calcitonin promotes what?

Answer 35

Bone Density

Question 36

Follicle cells in the thyroid gland produce what?

Answer 36

Thyroglobulin

Question 37

Which hormone increases calcium in the blood?

Answer 37

PTH

Question 38

What type of corticosteroid regulates the concentrations of ions in the blood?

Answer 38

Mineralocorticoids

Question 39

What hormone is secreted in response to low blood volume caused by water loss?

Answer 39

Aldosterone

Question 40

What is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress?

Answer 40

Corticosteroids

Question 41

Which corticosteroids provides energy for 'fight or flight' functions?

Answer 41

Glucocorticoids

Question 42

What is the principal glucocorticoid in humans?

Answer 42

Cortisol

Question 43

Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and sex drive?

Answer 43

Androgens

Question 44

What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas?

Answer 44

1. Glucagon | 2. Insulin

Question 45

Glucagon is released in response to what?

Answer 45

Low sugar levels

Question 46

What is the acidification of the blood due to high 'ketone body' levels called?

Answer 46

Ketoacidosis

Question 47

What are the two major products of the ovaries>

Answer 47

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 48

What hormone produced by the heart reduces blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium concentration?

Answer 48

ANP