Endocrine 01 - Diabetes pt 1 Flashcards
List the 4 essentials of Type 1 Diabetes
Polyuria, polydipsia, and UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS associated with random plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L). Plasma glucose of > 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) after an overnight fast, documented on more than one occasion. Ketonemia, ketonuria, or both. Islet autoantibodies are frequently present. Blurred vision (b/c of hyperosmolity due to diabetes)
Define polyuria, polydipsia, Kenonemia, Ketonuria, islet antibodies:
Polyuria - excessive or abnormally large production or passage of urine
Polydipsia - excessive thirst
Ketonemia - abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood
Ketonuria - ketone bodies are present in the urine
Polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss associated with random plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).
Plasma glucose of > 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) after an overnight fast, documented on more than one occasion.
Ketonemia, ketonuria, or both.
Islet autoantibodies are frequently present.
Type 1 diabetes
List the 5 essentials of Type 2 Diabetes:
Most patients are over 40 years of age and obese.
Polyuria and polydipsia.
Candidal vaginitis in women may be an initial manifestation.
Plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL after an overnight fast on more than one occasion. Two hours after 75 g oral glucose, diagnostic values are 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol).
Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis are often associated.
In women, ___ may be an initial manifestation of type 2 diabetes
Candidal Vaginitis.
What is the classification and pathogenesis of Diabetes mellitus? Overall, Type 1, Type 2?
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate.
Type 1 diabetes is due to pancreatic islet B cell destruction predominantly by an autoimmune process, and these patients are prone to ketoacidosis.
Type 2 diabetes is the more prevalent form and results from insulin resistance with a defect in compensatory insulin secretion.
What is Idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1B)?
subjects have no evidence of pancreatic B cell autoimmunity to explain their insulinopenia and ketoacidosis.
Endocrine tumors secreting ‘what 5 things’ can cause glucose intolerance?
GH, Glucocorticoids, catecholamines, glucagon, somatostatin
Why does 25% of nonobese, nondiabetic people have similar problems as type 2 diabetics? What do they have?
Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes (5)
Increased urination, glucose and free water lost in urine, thirst, weight loss as consequences, weight loss despite increased appetite, postural hypotension
What is postural hypotension?
Low blood pressure occurring when you stand up.
Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 diabetes
Increased urination, mainly asymptomatic at first otherwise. Many patients are obese.
How can Type 2 diabetes be diagnosed if a patient is asymptomatic?
glycosuria or hyperglycemia is noted during routine laboratory studies
What method detects glucosuria?
paper strip impregnated with glucose oxidase and a chromogen system (Clinistix, Diastix). It is very sensitive to glucose in urine.
Diabetes is the leading cause of __ (3)
end-stage renal disease (ESRD), non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, and adult blindness
