Endocrine 01 - Diabetes pt 5

Question 1

Hyperglycemia > 600 mg/dL
Serum osmolality > 310 mosm/kg
No acidosis; blood pH above 7.3
Serum bicarbonate > 15 mEq/L
Normal anion gap (<14 mEq/L)

Answer 1

Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic state

Question 2

Name 5 levels to identify Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic state

Answer 2

Hyperglycemia > 600 mg/dL
Serum osmolality > 310 mosm/kg
No acidosis; blood pH above 7.3
Serum bicarbonate > 15 mEq/L
Normal anion gap (<14 mEq/L)

Question 3

HNS is: An acute metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus Characterized by: (3)

Answer 3

Impaired mental status
Elevated plasma osmolality
In a patient with Hyperglycemia

Question 4

Both HNS and DKA may occur in the same individual [differ only in (2)]

Answer 4

the magnitude of dehydration and the severity of acidosis

Question 5

HNS most commonly develops in patients with diabetes who:

Answer 5

have some concomitant illness that leads to a reduced fluid intake

Question 6

Hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity lead to ___, resulting in ___

Answer 6

osmotic diuresis, resulting in intracellular dehydration

Question 7

When the level of glycemia reaches approximately __mg/dL, further glucose reabsorption is no longer possible

Answer 7

180 mg/dL

Question 8

___ is the end stage of the hyperglycemic process, when severe electrolyte disturbances occur in association with hypotension

Answer 8

Coma

Question 9

What is Oliguria and what is its role in Osmotic diuresis?

Answer 9

The body limiting the amount of urine it makes to fight off dehydration.