endocrine

Question 1

what cardiac rhythm do you get with hypothyroid?

Answer 1

bradycardia

Question 2

what does the endocrine system do?

Answer 2

it makes hormones (signalers for the body)

Question 3

what is graves disease?

Answer 3

hyperthyroidism immune system

Question 4

Thyroid

Answer 4

regulates the metabolism

Question 5

exophthalmos

Answer 5

also known as proptosis, is the medical term for bulging or protruding eyeballs

sign of hyperthyroidism

Question 6

what does thyroid need to function?

Answer 6

iodine

Question 7

what is a thyroid storm?

Answer 7

• acute excessive release of T3 and T4.
• this can happen with:
  (injection of iodine, excessive release of TSH, infection of the thyroid)
• sinus tach or a-flutter (more commons)

Question 8

what is TSH and where is it?

Answer 8

thyroid stimulating hormone found in the pituitary gland.

Question 9

what is a way to treat a thyroid storm?

Answer 9

beta blocker (divinity care)

for us:

• fluid
• benzo to help calm down
• put on the monitor

Question 10

alopecia

Answer 10

loss of hair (non specific, it can be from anywhere)

Question 11

where does insulin come from?

Answer 11

pancreas (beta cells, The islets of Langerhans)

Question 12

normal sugar level?

Answer 12

60-100

Question 13

at what level does the glucose level have to be that the kidneys wont reabsorb?

Answer 13

250

Question 14

what is it called when glucose pulls water out of the distal convoluted tubules, making us pee it out?

Answer 14

osmotic dieresis

Question 15

what is a major sign that someone can be hyperglycemic?

Answer 15

abdominal pain

Question 16

vital signs and SS with DKA?

Answer 16

no major increase in heart rate
no major change or stand out sign in BP
Breathing Fast (kussmaul breathing, hyperpnea)
Ketone Smell 
Stomach Pain
Glucose level (300-400)
polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia

Question 17

Treatment for DKA

Answer 17

• IV
• Fluids
• 12-lead (looking for Hyperkalemia)
• treat when the QRS widening

Question 18

why can someone with type 1 diabetics by hypo glycemic?

Answer 18

• too much insulin
• overexert (more need of glucose)
• sick or infection

Question 19

test that sees if you have Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 19

A1C (glycose to hemoglobine)

should be under 6 (1-5)

Question 20

Sulfonyurea

Answer 20

Stimulate pancreas for additional insulin release

Question 21

TZD’s

Answer 21

Dec. body’s insulin resistance

Question 22

Biguanides

Answer 22

Slows release of glucose from liver

Question 23

SGLT2

Answer 23

Helps us pee out glucose at lower levels

Question 24

what does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 24

middle man of the nervous system and the endocrine system.

“Command and Control Center”

Question 25

2 hormones that the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 25

ADH (anti diabetic hormone) Oxytocin (help with contractions of the uterus)

Question 26

what is the pituitary gland?

Answer 26

"master gland" | help to control other glands.

Question 27

what hormones does the anterior pituitary gland regulate?

Answer 27

sexual maturation growth regulation adrenal signals thyroid (TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone) ovaries and testes prolactin (production of breast milk)

Question 28

what does the posterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 28

it get the signal from the hypothalamus and signals release of ADH and Oxytocin.

Question 29

what does TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) do?

Answer 29

stimulate the thyroid to release hormones.

Question 30

what will happen if the pituitary gland is broken? (eg. there is a tumor)

Answer 30

the biggest thing that the anterior pituitary gland does is regulate the release of TSH, if this is not released then there can be a thyroid storm or thyroidtoxicosis. there will be a massive release of T3 and T4. (this becomes unregulated)

Question 31

what does the thymus responsible for?

Answer 31

this is majority regulates the immune system of a kid. As we get older, the thymus begins to atrophy (less used), it sits behind the sternum

Question 32

What is the main role of the thyroid?

Answer 32

resting metabolism | Needs iodine to function (we get our main source of iodine from our salt that has the iodine added)

Question 33

what two hormones does the thyroid release?

Answer 33

T3 and T4

Question 34

what does the parathyroid help regulate?

Answer 34

the increase and regulation of calcium

Question 35

how does the pituitary gland and the thyroid work together?

Answer 35

if the T3 or T4 levels are low, the pituitary gland will release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). Many thyroid test are actually looking at the TSH - Low TSH = hyperthyroid (no need to release the TSH because the thyroid is pumping out T3 and T4 in a larger amount) - high TSH = hypothyroidism (the thyroid is not responding to the TSH, so it keeps pumping that out, underproduction of thyroid)

Question 36

What are some signs and symptoms of someone that has hyperthyroid?

Answer 36

- hypertensive - tachycardia - they always feel hot - hyperactive

Question 37

what is a sign and symptom of someone that has hypothyroid?

Answer 37

always feeling sleepy, sad, overweight, hair loss (allopecia = spotty hair loss, unspecific), always cold Bradycardia, hypotensive (in sever cases)

Question 38

What does T3 do?

Answer 38

Most potent of the thyroid hormones increase metabolism of all cells (increase HR, generates heat, breaks down fats)

Question 39

what does T4 do?

Answer 39

the most prevalent of the two thyroid hormones. increase the metabolism of the cells most of T4 converts to T3

Question 40

what is myexedema?

Answer 40

most severe form of hypothyroidism. unconscious/unresponsive - pacing and pressers will speed up HR and boost pressure, but they wont wake up

Question 41

what is Graves disease?

Answer 41

hyperthyroidism. immune system creates antibodies that attach to TSH and constantly stimulate T3 and T4.

Question 42

what is the outer part of the kidney called?

Answer 42

the cortex

Question 43

what hormone does the cortex create?

Answer 43

cortisol and aldosterone

Question 44

what is the middle part of the kidney called, and what does it make?

Answer 44

medulla- it makes epi and nor epi