Toxicology Flashcards by Will Baker

what can you treat hydrofluoric acid treat with?

calcium

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what is an Orogastric lavage?

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indirect toxins do what?

affects the CNS or muscular movement of air.

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Direct Toxins do what?

affect gas exchange, airway, diameter, lung tissue, and ventilation.

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with toxicology what causes tachycardia?

stimulants

sympathomimetics

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what causes bradycardia in toxicology?

Depressants

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What are the most important thing to do with toxicology in the EMS setting?

Airway
Breathing
Pressure control
Heart Rate
Fluids/ IV access

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what are Toxidromes?

group of signs and symptoms that are common when different toxic agents are induced.

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what is suboxone (subutex)

buprenorphine

drug used to help people who are recovering from narcotic addiction.

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what is the antidote for an OD on Alpha 2 agonist?

Dopamine and Fluid

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antidote to benzo?

romazicon (flumazanil)

- can give seizures

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antidote to opiates?

narcan

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antidote to cholinergic- anticholinergics?

atropine

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what is the antidote to organophosphate?

atropine

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What is an antidote for digitalis?

digibind

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What do you give for a BB OD?

glucagon

what do you give for a Ca+ channel blocker OD?

calcium

what is the best pressor for distributive shock?

levafed

What does a TCA OD look like?

Anticholinergic Syndrome

follows excessive exposure to antihistamines, atropine, benztropine, and Jimson weed.
Tachy
hypertension
dilated pupils
warm or hot, dry skin
Ileus (lack of intestinal motility)
Delirium
seizure
psychosis
urinary retention

Mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat.

Cholinergic Syndrome

Follows exposure to organophosphates and carbamate insecticides or some chemical nerve agents

(profound cholinergic effects)

SLUDGEM

what does SLUDGEM?

salivation
lacrimation
urination
defecation
GI upset
Emesis
Miosis (pupil constriction)

treatment for cholinergic overdose?

2 mg of Atropine (3-5 min) until effective.

what is a speedball?

its an upper and a downer

sympathomimetic hits first
then downer ( hits (they Brady, and apnea)

Sympathomimetic Syndrome

- dilated pupils - tachycardia - agitation - seizures - hyperthermia - diaphoresis Drugs: MDMA (ecstasy) Cocaine Amphetamines

What is Salicylate?

Aspirin, oil of wintergreen, (topical analgesic_icy hot) creates acute metabolic acidosis. Tx: if they are hyperkalemic, seen with widen QRS, then give Bicarb for the acidosis. - give activated charcoal for swallowed pills.

what are considered heavy metals and their associated toxic?

iron, lead, mercury, arsenic. bind to oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfhydryle groups in proteins altering enzymatic activity] encephalopathy is the cause of mortality GI complaints, anemia, cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias common. History of exposure is key.

is iron a one pill killer in kids?

yes, seen in pre natal.

what organ does Tylenol (acetaminophen) effect?

liver

There are 4 phases to an acetaminophen OD.

1: 30 min to 24 hrs - Nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, anorexia 2: 24-48 hours - RUQ Abd pain, decreased urine, elevated liver enzymes, oliguria 3: 72-96 hours - Liver function disruption, N/V and malaise 4: 4-14 days - Gradual recovery or progressive liver failure

what is the antidote to a Tylenol (acetaminophen) OD?

need in 24 hours | - Mucomyst (makes it inactive if given in time)

what is a cyanide poisoning?

plastic burning, mining techniques use cyanide, glass etching Blocks cellular respiration at the mitochondria (stops the kerb cycle and electron transport chain) All cells become hypoxic.

what is the antidote to cyanide poisoning?

cyanokits - hydrocarbollimene (vitamin B12), helps to break, bind and eliminate the cyanide. Give high flow O2.

Sudden sniffing death syndrome is what?

sudden death caused by acute sympathetic response when people huff it lowers their hearts fibrillatory threshold of the heart (cardio Toxic)

what direction does alcohol effect?

front to back, top to bottom