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Histology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common features of the endocrine organs

A

Glandular epithelium (except posterior pit)

Vascular

Secrete hormones into the circulation

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2
Q

What originates the function of the endocrine organs

A

Pituitary

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3
Q

Describe the posterior pituitary

A

Downward extension of hypothalamus

Neural tissue
- Axons
- glial cells

Secretes and stores
- oxytocin
- ADH (vasopressin)

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4
Q

Describe the anterior pituitary

A

Nested epithelial pituicytes

Richly vascular
Fibrous stroma

Several different types of pituicyte, not distinguishable on H&E

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5
Q

What secretes growth hormone

A

Somatotrophs (50%)

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6
Q

What secretes prolactin

A

Lactotrophs (25%)

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7
Q

What secretes ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-lipotropin, beta-endorphin

A

Corticotrophs (10-20%)

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8
Q

What secretes FSH and LH

A

Gonadotrophs (10%)

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9
Q

What secretes TSH

A

Thyrotrophs (1%)

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10
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce

A

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

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12
Q

What are the three cell types of the parathyroids

A

Chief cells

Oxyphils

Adipocytes

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13
Q

What does the parathyroids produce

A

Parathyroid hormone

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14
Q

What cells of the parathyroid which secrete parathyroid hormone

A

Chief cells

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15
Q

Where are the islets of Langerhans located

A

Endocrine pancreas

Mostly in the tail

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16
Q

What are the 4 cells of the endocrine pancreas

A

B (beta) cells

A (alpha) cells

D (delta) cells

PP cells

17
Q

What do the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete

A

Insulin

18
Q

What are the most prominent cells of the endocrine pancreas

A

Beta cells

19
Q

What do alpha cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete

A

Glucagon

20
Q

What do the delta cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete

A

Somatostatin

21
Q

What do the PP cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

22
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex secrete

A

Mineralocorticoids

23
Q

What does the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex secrete

A

Glucocorticoids

24
Q

What does the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex secrete

A

Androgenic steroids

25
Q

What are the cells of the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

26
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

Adrenalin
Noradrenalin

Histology (17 decks)

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