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Histology > Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the epithelium that lines most of the respiratory system

A

Respiratory epithelium

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2
Q

What is sense of taste primarily

A

Sense of taste

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3
Q

What does reparatory epithelium line

A

Tubular portion of the respiratory system

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium interspersed with goblet cells

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5
Q

What is not usually seen on H&E with light microscopy

A

Basement membrane of respiratory epithelium

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6
Q

What are the two type of epithelial cells present in respiratory epithelium

A

Ciliated epithelial cells

Goblet cells

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7
Q

What type of epithelium is the first part of the nostrils

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is the second part of the nostrils (where you cannot stick your finger in)

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined by

A

Respiratory epithelium

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10
Q

Describe the connective tissue underneath the respiratory epithelium

A

Loose fibrous connective tissue contain seromucin glands and rich network of blood vessels

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11
Q

What do seromucin glands in the nasal cavity produce

A

Catarrah (snot)

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12
Q

What epithelium lines the roof of the nasal cavity, extending down septum and lateral wall

A

Olfactory epithelium

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is olfactory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

No goblet cells

No moving cilia

Contains basal cells and penetrating nerve fibres

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14
Q

How can you tell the difference between olfactory and respiratory epithelium

A

Look at the connective tissue

Olfactory has a rich network of serous glands of Bowman and large number of nerves

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15
Q

What do the serous glands of Bowmans secrete

A

Watery fluid which helps to wash the surface clean

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16
Q

What stain would be needed to highlight bipolar nerves on olfactory epithelium

A

Silver stain

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17
Q

Describe olfactory receptor cells

A

Bipolar neurons - dendrite extends to surface to become club-shaped ciliated olfactory vesicle

18
Q

What is the nasopharynx lined by

A

Respiratory epithelium

19
Q

What are the three functions of the nasal sinuses

A

Lower the weight of the skull

Add resonance to the voice

Humidify and warm inspired air

20
Q

What is the nasal sinuses lined by

A

Respiratory epithelium

21
Q

What is the larynx compromised of

A

Cartilaginous box - almost entirely hyaline cartilage

Hold larynx open in negative pressure of inspiration

22
Q

What is the epiglottis formed of

A

Elastic cartilage

23
Q

What is the larynx (expect the vocal cords) lined by

A

Respiratory epithelium

With loose fibro collagenous stroma with seromucous glands

24
Q

What is the epithelium in the vocal cords

A

Thin stratified squamous epithelium overlying loose irregular fibrous tissue (Reinke’s space)

Reinke’s space - some blood vessels but almost no lymphatics

25
Q

What is the tracheas supported by

A

Hyaline cartilage arranged in a series of c-shaped rings

26
Q

What is the epithelium of the trachea

A

Respiratory epithelium

Seromucinous glands in submucosa

27
Q

What is found at the posterior of the C-shaped cartilaginous rings in trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

28
Q

What do

Trachea

Main bronchi

Lobar bronchi

Segmental bronchi

all contain

A

Smooth muscle

Partial cartilaginous rings

Respiratory epithelium

Some basal neuroendocrine cells

Seromucinous glands and goblet cells

29
Q

What do bronchioles contain

A

Smooth muscle

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Some basal neuroendocrine cells

Few goblet cells - Clara cells

30
Q

Describe clara cells

A

Terminal bronchioles

Cuboidal

Pale staining cytoplasm

Contain abundant mitochondria and smooth muscle

No cilia

Secretory granules

31
Q

What comes after terminal bronchioles

A

Respiratory bronchioles

32
Q

What is the first part of the distal respiratory tract

A

Respiratory bronchioles

33
Q

What are the features of respiratory bronchioles

A

Cuboidal ciliated epithelium

Spirally-arranged smooth muscle

No cartilage

34
Q

Describe alveoli

A

150-400 million/lung

250um in diameter

Gas exchange

35
Q

Describe type 1 pneumocytes

A

40% cell population

90% of surface area

Flattened cells, flattened nucleus, few organelles

Provide part of blood air barrier

36
Q

Describe type 2 pneumocytes

A

Cuboidal/columnar

60% of cell population
5-10 of SA

Rounded cell, round nucleus, rich in mitochondria, smooth and rough ER, spherical bodies

Produce surfactant

37
Q

Describe alveolar macrophages

A

Luminal cells - also present in interstitium

Phagocytes particulates including dusts and bacteria

Enter lymphatics or leave via mucocillary escalator

38
Q

Describe the blood air barrier

A

Type 1 pneumocyte on a basement membrane shared with capillary

Vascular endothelial cell

200-800nm thick

39
Q

How many layers are there in the blood air barrier

A

Can be

3 - type 1 pneumocyte, basement membrane, vascular endothelial cell

4 - add surfactant layer

Or add cytoplasm and membrane

40
Q

Describe alveoli interstitium

A

Where endothelial cells are not in direct contact with pneumocytes

Collagen and elastin fibres

Macrophages

Pores of Kohn

41
Q

Describe pores of Kohn

A

Holes in alveoli walls

Help equalise pressure between adjacent alveoli

Lungs expand equally

Facilitate spread of infection

Histology (17 decks)

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