Endocrine

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secret
hormones into circulation to a specific target
organ, gland or tissue

Question 2

Endocrine system

Answer 2

-anterior and posterior pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-pancreas
-kidneys and adrenal Gland
-ovaries and testes

Question 3

Adrenocorticotrophic

Answer 3

release from - anterior pituitary

function - regulates the production of glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosertone (endogenous steroids)

Question 4

somatotrophin

Answer 4

release from - anterior pituitary

function - controls growth rate and energy use

Question 5

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 5

release from -anterior pituitary

function - stimulates the release of t3 and t4 from the thyroid gland

Question 6

Interstitial cell stimulating Hormone

Answer 6

release from - anterior pituitary

function - Stimulates the interstitial cells to release testosterone

Question 7

Oxytocin

Answer 7

release from - posterior Pituitary

function -Uterine contractions. positive feedback mechanism from soft tissue stimulation

Question 8

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 8

release from - posterior

function - causes water retention and increases blood pressure

Question 9

Thyroxine

Answer 9

release from - thyroid glands

function - helps blood vessels constrict and helps the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body

Question 10

Calcitonin

Answer 10

release from - Thyroid gland

function- lowers serum calcium levels by depositing in bone, decreasing renal re-absorption and intestinal absorption

DECREASE BLOOD CA LEVELS

Question 11

Parathormone

Answer 11

release from - parathyroid hormone

function- lack of bone density and bone loss

INCREASE BLOOD CA LEVELS

Question 12

Erythropoietin

Answer 12

release from - kidneys

function - causes red blood cell production by bone marrow

Question 13

Glucocorticoids

Answer 13

release from - adrenal cortex

function - reduce inflammation and increase blood glucose levels

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 14

release from - Adenal cortex

regulates electrolytes and acid base balance

Question 15

Adrenaline

Answer 15

release from - Adrenal gland

function - increases blood sugar, skeletal muscle blood supply, heart rate, reduces gastrointestinal activity

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

release from function- the pancreas

function- helps regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels

Question 17

insulin

Answer 17

release from - the pancreas

function - to allow glucose to enter cells to be used as energy and to maintain the amount of glucose found in the bloodstream with normal levels

Question 18

somatostatin

Answer 18

release from - the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas

function - prevents the release of pancreatic hormones, including insulin, glucagon and gastrin.

Question 19

melatonin

Answer 19

release from - pineal gland

function - regulates circadian rhythm

Question 19

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

Tachycardia
weight loss
polyphagia
poldispia
polyuria

Question 20

hypothyroidism

Answer 20

bradycardia
weight gain
appetite reduction
loss of quality

Question 21

prolactin

Answer 21

release from - mammary glands

function - stimulates the development of the mammary glands and the secretion of milk

Question 22

Oxytocin

Answer 22

release from - the hypothalamus

function - stimulates uterine contractions during labour

Question 23

T4
T3

Answer 23

T4- Thyroxin
T3 - tri - iodothuronine - contains a high proportion of the trace element iodine

Question 24

Parathyroid gland

Answer 24

release from - thyroid glands function - raises calcium levels , if levels are low calcium is reabsorbed from the bones and absorption of calcium from the intestine is increased

Question 25

KIdneys

Answer 25

produces - erythropoietin function - stimulates erythropoiesis in bone marrow in response to hypoxia

Question 26

Adrenal Glands

Answer 26

sit on top of the kidneys Structure - inner medulla, outer cortex, surrounded by a capsule

Question 27

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 27

Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids sex hormones

Question 28

Glucocorticoids

Answer 28

cortisone, cortisol protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism anti-flammatory e.g Cushings

Question 29

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 29

aldosterone regulates electrolytes/acid base balance e.g Addisons

Question 30

sex hormones

Answer 30

androgens and oestrogens e.g.ferret addisons

Question 31

Renin - Angiotensin - aldosterone - system

Answer 31

Renin is released from the kidneys. RAAS refers to a cascade of hormones that cause an increase in blood pressure

Question 32

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 32

adrenaline Noradrenaline - both hormones and neuro transmitters prepare body for an emergency action fear, flight, fight syndrome

Question 33

Actions of adrenaline

Answer 33

- Increased blood glucose concentrations - increase bloody supply to skeletal muscles - increased heart rate -urinary retention - sweat production

Question 34

Why is adrenaline released

Answer 34

Hypoglycaemia Stress Hypotension Hypothermia

Question 35

cells Alpha Beta Delta

Answer 35

Hormone -Glucagon -Insulin -Somatostatin Function -raises blood glucose -lowers blood glucose -prevents large fluctuations

Question 36

Gonadotrophins

Answer 36

FSH and LH, From the anterior pituitary stimulate the reproductive organs

Question 37

Testosterone

Answer 37

LH stimulates production by ledwig cells in testes in response to ISCH development of male characteristics including behaviour

Question 38

oestrogen

Answer 38

nourish the spermatazoa mostly in females - produced by developing ovarian follicles, produces signs of oestrus

Question 39

progesterone

Answer 39

prepares the reproductive tract for pregnancy maintains pregnancy

Question 40

Pineal Gland

Answer 40

lies within the brain with epithalamus produces melatonin darkness- melatonin low daylight - melatonin affects moods and wake-sleep cycles