Endocrine

Question 0

Somatotroph adenoma

Answer 0

Gigantism (children)

Acromegaly (adult)

Question 1

Corticotroph adenoma

Acth

Answer 1

Cushing syndrome – pituitary source

Nelson syndrome – after sx removal of adrenal glands

Question 2

Most frequent type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma

Answer 2

Prolactinoma

Question 3

Hypopituarism

Answer 3

Non functioning pituitary adenoma
Sheehan syndrome
Pituitary apoplexy
Empty sella syndrome

Question 4

Adenoma that presents with bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 4

Pituitary adenoma, nonfunctioning

Question 5

Pospartum necrosis of anterior pituitary

Answer 5

Sheehan syndrome

Question 6

Triad of:
HA, diplopia, hypopituitarism
–> neurosurgical E

Answer 6

Pituitary apoplexy

Question 7

Post. Pituitary syndrome

Answer 7

SIADH

Diabetes insipidus

Question 8

Central DI vs. nephrogenic DI

Answer 8

Central – lack ADH

Nephrogenic – collecting tubule refractory to ADH
– lithium, demeclocycline

Question 9

Water deprivation test

Central vs nephrogenic DI

Answer 9

Central – Urine osm. >50% from baseline

DI – < 50

Question 10

Mcc of SIADH

Answer 10

Small cell lung CA

Question 11

Drug that can cause SIADH

Answer 11

Chlopropamide

Question 12

Mcc of hypopituitarism in children
Derived from rathke’s pouch
Mutation in WNT signaling pathway

Answer 12

Craniopharyngioma

Question 13

Mcc of hypothyroidism

Asso with CTL4 polymorphism

Answer 13

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 14

Anti thyroglobulin

Anti TPO

Answer 14

Hashimoto

Question 15

Hurthle cells

Answer 15

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 16

Aka granulomatous thyroiditis
De quervins thyroiditis
Giant cell thyroiditis

Triggered by Viral infection (coxsackie)

Answer 16

Subacute thyroiditis

Question 17

Painless thyroiditis

Postpartum thyroiditis

Answer 17

Lymphocytic thyroiditis

Question 18

Triad of graves disease

Answer 18

Hyperthyroidism
Opthalmopathy
Dermopathy (pre tibial myx edema)

Question 19

Graves disease morphology

Answer 19

Diffuse thyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Infiltrative opthalmopathy

Question 20

Enlargement of the entire gland w/o producing nodularity

Answer 20

Diffuse non toxic goiter

Question 21

Geographic areas with low levels of iodine

Answer 21

Endemic goiter

Question 22

Goitrogens

Answer 22

Cabbage, cauliflower, sprout, turnips
Cassava
Thiocyanate

Question 23

Acquired cond’n that interfere w/ thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer 23

Sporadic goiter

Question 24

Produce most extreme thyroid enlargement, frequently mistaken for neoplastic involvement

Answer 24

Multinodular goiter

Question 25

Intrathoracic or plunging goiter

Answer 25

Multinodular goiter

Question 26

Aka follicular adenoma

Answer 26

Thyroid adenoma

Question 27

Hurtle cell

Answer 27

Hashimoto Thyroid (follicular) adenoma Follicular carcinoma

Question 28

Mc primary thyroid ca in children and adult | Asso.with radiation exposure

Answer 28

Papillary thyroid ca

Question 29

Psammoma bodies | Orphan annie nuclie

Answer 29

Papillary thyroid ca

Question 30

Solitary Cold nodule | Dietary iodinr deficiency

Answer 30

Follicular thyroid ca

Question 31

Neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from parafollicular cells, or C cells Secrete calcitonin Sporadic MEN 2A 2B syndrome

Answer 31

Medullary thyroid ca

Question 32

Conditions that decreases PTH

Answer 32

``` Hypercalcemia of malignany Vit D toxicity Immobility Thiazide diuretic Granulomatous disease (sarcoidosis) ```

Question 33

Kimmelstiel wilson nodule

Answer 33

DM

Question 34

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 34

Accumulation of sorbitol and AGEs

Question 35

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasm

Answer 35

Gastrinoma | Insulinoma

Question 36

Mc pancreatic endocrine neoplasm | Asso.with MEN syndrome (80%)

Answer 36

Insulinoma

Question 37

Mcc of hypercortisolism (cushing)

Answer 37

Exogenous glucocorticoid (iatrogenic cushing syndrome) Endogenous---acth

Question 38

Primary vs secondary hyperaldosteronis

Answer 38

Primary-- AUTONOMOUS over production -- supress RAAS --> dec plasma renin Secondary -- occur in response to activation of RAAS. --> inc. plasma renin

Question 39

Spironolactone bodies

Answer 39

Hyperaldosteronism

Question 40

Mcc of addison disease

Answer 40

Autoimmune destruction

Question 41

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10

Answer 41

``` 10% extra adrenal (paraganglioma) 10% bilateral 10% biologically malignant 10% not asso.w/ HPN 10-25% harbor a germline mutation ```

Question 42

Salt and pepper chromatin | Potassium dichromate turns tumor a dark brown color

Answer 42

Pheochromocytoma

Question 43

MEN 1

Answer 43

WERMER syndrome Parathyroid adenoma Pancreatic tumor Pituitary tumor

Question 44

MEN 2A

Answer 44

Sipple syndrome